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Loudspeaker movie 2018

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Ferroelectret nanogenerators were recently introduced as a promising alternative technology for harvesting kinetic energy.

This electromechanical coupling, combined with their flexibility and thin film-like form, bestows dual-functional transducing capabilities to the device that are used in this work to demonstrate its use as a thin, wearable and self-powered loudspeaker or microphone patch.

The interest in ultrathin, flexible paper-like personal electronics is growing at an accelerated pace, and the pursuit of multifunctionality and wearability has become a major technological trend 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , The continuous, aggressive and multidisciplinary research efforts from multiple groups has created a sustained stream of innovation that has been constantly evolving and improving; making a large number of innovative products such as wearable computer screens, electronic newspapers, flexible light-emitting diodes, artificial skin and smart gloves within the foreseeable future 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , User—device interaction is a very important aspect of wearable technologies.

It is understandable that from the five recognized human senses that is, vision, audition, gustation, olfaction and somatosensation 22 , most of the current advances are focused on the use of sight and touch.

However, the optimal wearable system designs should consider all human senses, since this will enable all the possible user—device interactions and allow for the use of the most appropriate one, depending on the application. Besides vision and touch, acoustic interaction that is, hearing and speaking also has good potential of becoming an essential and convenient bridge between human and flexible personal electronics in the coming years.

In a way, we are experiencing this already through the voice-activated gadgets, speech-to-text converters and audio recognition systems. When an audio current waveform is applied to the voice coil, an audio frequency movement of the diaphragm is produced due to the magnetic interaction between the voice coil and the magnet, thereby reproducing the sound pressure waves Recently, a thermoacoustic superaligned carbon nanotube loudspeaker was demonstrated that uses thermal expansion and contraction of the medium to generate sound waves 23 , 25 , 26 , Recently, the use of a thin, rollable, triboelectric nanogenerator was demonstrated to harvest sound waves The further advance of human—computer interaction in wearable electronics would benefit from thin-film, flexible, light-weight and robust devices that can serve as both: loudspeaker and microphone.

In this communication, a dual-functional and self-powered thin-film flexible acoustic transducer that operates as both loudspeaker and microphone is reported. Based on ferroelectret nanogenerator FENG reported recently 29 , the device has the ability to produce power as well.

By means of microplasma discharging, the artificial voids inside the foam-structured FENG forms numerous giant dipoles that enable the FENG with outstanding electromechanical transformation efficiency. To demonstrate the applicability and functionality of the device, we fabricated a FENG-based music-playing flag that can operate under regular wind conditions. Due to the electromechanical coupling of the device, the operation of the FENG-based loudspeaker can be reversed, to result in a FENG-based microphone that converts acoustic vibration sound into an electrical signal.

The FENG-based microphone is highly sensitive to a broad range of frequency. This is shown by the other two demonstrations presented in this work; these include the recording of a symphony by a piece of paper-like FENG-based microphone with high fidelity, and the security of a personal computer by the voiceprint identity recognition through a FENG-based device that can easily be integrated secretly within a computer or personal device for added subtlety.

The functional material of the FENG-based acoustic transducers is prepared by starting with polypropylene film containing tiny foreign silicates particles 0. Polypropylene PP is a type of commodity plastic with the merits of low density, high flexibility and good resistance to fatigue 30 , Next, the external gas pressure is suddenly released, resulting in dramatically swell of those voids in PP film. Subsequently, by applying a large electric field to the treated film, Paschen breakdown occurs inside the voids.

The current within the air gap transfers a sheet charge density across the air gap. Scanning electron microscopyimages of the cross-section of PP foam are shown in Fig. Herein, backscattered electrons are used for revealing good contrast and clear definition of the structure.

As the production of backscattered electrons is strongly dependent on the average atomic number of the sample, silicate particles appeared to be much brighter than their surrounding structure. Figure 1c shows the optical images of FENG-based acoustic device rolled along the axial of a glass tube.

The highly flexible fabricated device consists of a stacked metal-insulator-metal thin-film structure without moving parts or microfabrication features or suspended structures, making the process easily scalable to large-scale fabrication. By means of microplasma discharges in the fabricated foam structure in PP film, opposite charges accumulate on the upper and lower surfaces of the artificial voids that in turn form numerous highly oriented giant dipoles, as shown in Fig.

Once two layers of silver are sputtered on both outer surfaces of PP film, the giant dipoles in the PP film induce charges of opposite polarity in each silver film. Unlike piezoelectric material that have spontaneous electric polarization, micro-discharging treatment turns the PP film from completely nonpolar materials into artificial intelligent material that mimics both the microscopic molecular structure and macroscopic electromechanical behaviour of the piezoelectric material.

Furthermore, in comparison with traditional piezoelectric materials, FENG features with flexibility and internally charged cellular structures, making them highly efficient in charge storage and more sensitive to mechanical stress. When the FENG experiences compression or expansion in the thickness direction, the internal dipole moments simultaneously change in magnitude according to the applied pressure.

Consequently, the change of dipole moments drive the compensation electrons from the electrode with negative charge to the electrode with positive charge, creating a potential between the two electrodes under open-circuit condition, or a flow of charges under closed-circuit condition.

On the reverse case, if extra charges are transferred to surface electrodes or if there is a potential difference between them , the change of the charge density on the surface electrodes or the electric field field across the thickness reshape the giant dipoles inside the FENG, showing the reverse electromechanical interaction effect Fig. Depending on the extra charge or magnitude of the applied voltage, numerous giant dipoles contract or expand at the same time, resulting in a change in the thickness of FENG.

If the added charge or electric field is varied as a function of time, the changes in thickness of the FENG will also occur as a function of time, producing vibrations of its surfaces. This electromechanical coupling endows the FENGs with the capability of efficiently converting energy between the electrical and mechanical domains. This bidirectional capacity of the FENG adds to the list of device attributes for example, simplicity, flexibility, softness, durability, lightweight, easy scaled-up structure that not only broadens the device applicability from energy harvesting devices 29 to electroacoustic flexible devices, but also establishes a new operating principle for flexible loudspeakers and microphones.

SPL directivity is a quantitative measure of the focusing of acoustic or sound energy. To investigate the frequency response change of FENG-based loudspeaker at off-axis angles, SPL directivity measurements were performed for three types of configurations: free-standing flat structure, flat structure with a transparent soft layer as the substrate and cylindrical structure.

Since the proposed paper-like FENG-based thin-film loudspeaker is able to produce sound levels comparable to those produced by bulky commercial voice-coil loudspeakers, the acoustic performance can be directly tested by using the same measurement equipment for conventional acoustic products. The measurement setup for the SPL directivity is shown in Fig. The configuration shown in the setup is the free-standing FENG-based loudspeaker, but the same setup was used for the other two configurations.

In the measurement, a prepolarized microphone system pointing to the centre of the FENG-based loudspeaker was rotated continuously and smoothly around the device. During rotation, the corresponding angle between the microphone and a vector normal to the device was recorded by precision potentiometer synchronously. In principle, keeping the device stationary while rotating the microphone will result in the same sound pattern measurement than keeping the microphone stationary, while rotating the device.

Figure 3b illustrates the equivalent SPL directivity measurement process, the hardware used and their connections. SPL directivity measurements indicate how much sound is directed towards a specific area as compared with all the sound energy being generated by a source. It can be noticed that the directional pattern of flat paper-like FENG loudspeaker is symmetric along the horizontal line, indicating that it can produce identical sound pressure from both surfaces. In comparison with most directional loudspeaker in the market, radiating sound from not only the frontside but also the backside at same level could allow more sound to be directed to more listeners in practical applications.

The SPL for the free-standing configuration is related to the relative position between the device and the microphone. Overall, a larger projected area results in more sound wave radiated into the microphone and a larger SPL. The central symmetry makes this device an omnidirectional loudspeaker that theoretically would have the same directivity factor at every listener angle.

Moreover, the SPL increases with the input voltage because larger voltage would increase the amplitudes of expansion or contraction of giant dipoles inside the FENG, so as to produce larger displacement in thickness direction and create larger sound pressure. For the experiments, the FENG loudspeaker remained static, while the microphones was rotated.

In this case, the positions of both FENG-based loudspeakers and the microphone system are fixed. The curve displayed in the network analyser represents the SPL spectrum. Figure 4a shows the SPL frequency spectrum for the three devices.

Due to the paper-like flexible thin-film structure of the FENG-based loudspeaker, a single-layer device can be folded and stacked to form a multilayer structure, where the giant dipoles in adjacent layers in contact after folding have same charge polarity orientation.

For the stacked multilayer FENG-based loudspeaker, we can see that the SPL increases with the number of layers, similar to the effect we obtained from increasing size of one layer structure see Supplementary Fig.

This indicates that the performance of FENG loudspeaker can be enhanced by increasing layers through simple folding or stacking. The third configuration is designed to obtain the effects of adding a substrate on the frequency response of the FENG.

To demonstrate the performance and the potential applications of flexible FENG loudspeaker, we fabricated a music-playing Michigan State University flag, as shown in Fig. The developed flag can be waved, rolled or folded—just like any other flag—and has no evident physical or cosmetic difference from any other. A matrix of FENG-based loudspeakers is embedded between two fabric layers. Both sides of their surfaces are electrically connected by copper wires.

Like free-standing single layer structure, the matrix of FENG-based loudspeaker is capable of producing sound pressure from both sides Fig. This FENG-based music-playing flag features high-output SPL and wide audio frequency range, as well as lightweight, flexibility that derive from the nature of thin film and the separated matrix configuration. As a demonstration Fig. In addition, the layered thin-film configuration allows the merits of not only being tailored into different shapes and sizes according to applications, but also being placed on a variety of rigid or flexible surfaces, as well as their free-standing use.

The insets show optical images of each type of configuration. Microphones operate, essentially, in the opposite way than a loudspeaker.

Microphones are electroacoustic transducers that transform acoustic vibrations into electrical signals. Today, acoustic sensing has been dominated by electret microphones that have permanently charged dielectric, avoiding the use of DC bias 37 , 38 , The reversible electromechanical interaction between the electrical and mechanical states of FENG allows the device to operate as a microphone, while still keep its loudspeaker functionality.

There are two particularities of FENG that makes its use as a microphone very promising. First, the large charge accumulation on its surfaces give the device a high electromechanical transformation efficiency; this means that large electrical signals can be produced from small mechanical vibrations.

Therefore, the external sound pressure generated from music or voice is sufficient to create vibrations along the FENG thickness large enough to produce detectable electrical signals. In other words, sound vibrations from voice or music generate a similar effect on the FENG than applying mechanical pressure perpendicular to the surface. The sensitivity of the FENG-based microphone can be demonstrated by recording the electrical signals produced due to external sound or music, and then comparing the quality of the recorded sound with the original.

This testing song is originally performed by a soprano and a tenor, accompanied by symphony orchestra. Thus, different pitches from the two artists and a variety of instruments are included in the test. The sound wave compresses the nearby air that in turn presses the FENG-based microphone. The generated electric signals from the FENG microphone are then recorded. This setup resembles the typical use of a commercially available microphone, where an AUX cable is connected to a personal computer with an audio card that can record audio.

The direct mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion Fig. It can be seen that the acoustic information of the recorded music is highly similar to that of the original music, even for a small piece. Therefore, privacy and security will become performance parameters that need to be addressed.

The excellent voice recording performance of FENG as well as its light-weight and flexible thin-film structure may open up new possibilities in privacy and security applications of flexible electronics. In this security protocol, the password text can be either compromised or hacked.

The generated voltage due to sound pressure Fig. Such a simple paper-like, dual-functional acoustic devices will have broad and various promising applications Fig.


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loudspeaker movie 2018

This movie is produced by Dr. Raju who produced the film Dhyryam and it is a multi starer cinema. Disha Dinakar is playing the main lead role in this movie. We are yet to have any critic reviews for this movie. Did you watch this movie?

There are too many tasteless lines in this badly directed film. It was just five minutes before the show was supposed to begin, and I was at the ticket counter looking here and there, waiting for the queue ahead of me to thin down.

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Original Title: Loudspeaker Rating : 0 by 0 users Popularity: 1. Loudspeaker Online HD.! Watch Loudspeaker Full Online Free movies. December 15, Download Loudspeaker Movie Complete, watch Loudspeaker uk putlockers with English subtitles for download, Loudspeaker Good Quality Loudspeaker - coming soon.. Comedy Drama.

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Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Ferroelectret nanogenerators were recently introduced as a promising alternative technology for harvesting kinetic energy. This electromechanical coupling, combined with their flexibility and thin film-like form, bestows dual-functional transducing capabilities to the device that are used in this work to demonstrate its use as a thin, wearable and self-powered loudspeaker or microphone patch. The interest in ultrathin, flexible paper-like personal electronics is growing at an accelerated pace, and the pursuit of multifunctionality and wearability has become a major technological trend 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ,

'Loudspeaker' review: A cheesy, forgettable film. There are too many tasteless lines Flix Sandalwood Friday, August 10, - Karthik Keramalu.

The Hate U Give review – Amandla Stenberg shines in tough teen movie with radical bent

Stenberg plays Starr Carter, a teenage girl living with her parents and two brothers in the tough fictional neighbourhood of Garden Heights. Despite her white classmates co-opting the language, clothing and culture of black America, Starr v. Outwardly, this tactic seems to serve her well: she is considered a model student, is popular with her classmates and has a good-looking boyfriend KJ Apa — though the ugly looks given by some of the girls at school to this mixed-race relationship underlines that bigotry still lies beneath the surface. Back in Garden Heights Starr attends a house party where she bumps into Khalil, her childhood friend and first crush, who is now working as low-level dealer.

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Cast: Abhishek Jain , Anusha Rodrigues. Genres: Comedy , Drama. Toggle navigation Moviebuff. Official Facebook Page. Where did you watch this movie? A game which takes a dramatic turn when a bunch of people decides to play a game where they have to keep all their calls on the loudspeaker mode for a day.

Seven friends Meet for a party. Among them 3 are couples and one is a divorcee.

'Loudspeaker' review: A cheesy, forgettable film

Two childhood friends, who grew up in a farming village outside of Seoul, meet as adults, at random. They haven't seen one another in years. They go out for drinks and reminisce. The young woman has been studying pantomime, and she shows off some of what she has learned. She pantomimes eating a tangerine and her gestures are so specific you could swear the tangerine was really there. He is amazed at the illusion.

Jennifer Lawrence Took Over a Plane Loudspeaker to Lead an Eagles Chant

A game which takes a dramatic turn when a bunch of people decides to play a game where they have to keep all their calls on the loudspeaker mode for a day. Updates approximately every 20 minutes. Sign In. Play trailer




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