Ecl84 amplifier combo
Post a Comment. Hello to everybody for the first entry in ! I ended my last entry about the output stage of tube preamplifiers with the words: "the role of the tube is highly overrated". In a way it is and in some other ways it is not.
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Welcome To the Hoffman Amplifiers Forum
This is a list of vacuum tubes or thermionic valves , and low-pressure gas-filled tubes , or discharge tubes. Before the advent of semiconductor devices, thousands of tube types were used in consumer electronics. Many industrial, military or otherwise professional tubes were also produced.
Only a few types are still used today, mainly in high-power, high-frequency applications. Receiving tubes have heaters or filaments intended for direct battery operation, parallel operation off a dedicated winding on a supply transformer, or series string operation on transformer-less sets.
High-power RF power tubes are directly heated; the heater voltage must be much smaller than the signal voltage on the grid and is therefore in the In some valve part number series, the voltage class of the heater is given in the part number, and a similar valve might be available with several different heater voltage ratings.
The system assigned numbers with the base form "1A21", and is therefore also referred to as the "1A21 system". Often designations that differed only in their initial numerals would be identical except for heater characteristics. A four-digit system was maintained by the EIA for special industrial, military and professional vacuum and gas-filled tubes, and all sorts of other devices requiring to be sealed off against the external atmosphere. This system is very descriptive of what type of device triode, diode, pentode etc.
Like the North American system the first symbol describes the heater voltage, in this case, a Roman letter rather than a number. Further Roman letters, up to three, describe the device followed by one to four numerals assigned in a semi-chronological order of type development within number ranges assigned to different base types.
If two devices share the same type designation other than the first letter e. ECL82, PCL82, UCL82 they will usually be identical except for heater specifications; however there are exceptions, particularly with output types for example, both the PL84 and UL84 differ significantly from the EL84 in certain major characteristics, although they have the same pinout and similar power rating.
However, device numbers do not reveal any similarity between different type families; e. Pro Electron maintained a subset of the M-P system after their establishment in , with only the first letters E , P for the heater, only the second letters A , B , C , D , E , F , H , K , L , M , Y , Z for the type, and issuing only three-digit numbers starting with 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9 for the base.
Vacuum tubes which had special qualities of some sort, very often long-life designs, particularly for computer and telecommunications use, had the numeric part of the designation placed immediately after the first letter.
They were usually special-quality versions of standard types. While the E80F pentode was a high quality development of the EF80, they were not pin-compatible and could not be interchanged without rewiring the socket the E80F is commonly sought after as a high quality replacement for the similar EF86 type in guitar amplifiers.
The letters "CC" indicated the two triodes and the "F", the single pentode inside these types. A few special-quality tubes did not have a standard equivalent, e. The E91H is a special heptode with a passivated third grid designed to reduce secondary emission; this device was used as a "gate", allowing or blocking pulses applied to the first, control grid by changing the voltage on the third grid, in early computer circuits similar in function to the U.
Many of these types had gold-plated base pins and special heater configurations inside the nickel cathode tube designed to reduce hum pickup from the A. Note that elevating the cathode voltage above the average heater voltage, which in well-designed equipment was supplied from a transformer with an earthed center-tapped secondary, was less detrimental to the oxide insulation between heater and cathode than lowering the cathode voltage below the heater voltage, helping to prevent pyrometallurgical electrolytic chemical reactions where the oxide touched the nickel cathode that could form conductive aluminium tungstate and which could ultimately develop into a heater-cathode short circuit.
Better, often dual, getters were implemented to maintain a better vacuum, and more-rigid electrode supports introduced to reduce microphonics and improve vibration and shock resistance. The mica spacers used in "SQ" and "PQ" types did not possess sharp protrusions which could flake off and become loose inside the bulb, possibly lodging between the grids and thus changing the characteristics of the device. Later special-quality tubes had not base and function swapped but were assigned a 4-digit number, [8] such as ECC or ED, the first digit of which again denoting the base:.
In use since at least , this system was maintained by Pro Electron after their establishment in The first letter or letter pair, in the case of a dual-system device indicates the general type:. The following letter indicates the filament or cathode type, or the fill gas or other construction detail. The coding for vacuum devices differs between Philips and other Continental European manufacturers on the one hand and its Mullard subsidiary on the other.
The first incarnation of La Compagnie des Lampes produced the TM tube since and defined one of the first French systems; [1] [16] not to be confused with Compagnie des Lampes , "French Mazda", see below.
First number: Heater or filament rating [1]. This system consists of one or more letters followed by a sequentially assigned number [21]. The British GEC—Marconi—Osram designation from the s uses one or two letter s followed by two numerals and sometimes by a second letter identifying different versions of a particular type. Older Mullard tubes were mostly designated PM , followed by a number containing the filament voltage.
Many later tubes were designated one to three semi-intuitive letters, followed by a number containing the heater voltage. This was phased out after when Mullard adopted the Mullard—Philips scheme. The system consisted of one letter followed by 3 or 4 digits. It was phased out after when Philips adopted the Mullard—Philips scheme. Valvo de, it was a major German electronic components manufacturer from to ; a Philips subsidiary since , Valvo was one of the predecessors of NXP Semiconductors.
The system consisted of one or two letters followed by 3 or 4 digits. It was phased out after when Valvo adopted the Mullard—Philips scheme. Rundfunk- und Fernmelde-Technik de, sv was the brand of a group of telecommunications manufacturers in the German Democratic Republic.
The designation consists of a group of three letters and a group of three or four digits. The Tungsram system was composed of a maximum of three letters and three or four digits. Vacuum tubes produced in the former Soviet Union and in present-day Russia are designated in Cyrillic. Some confusion has been created in transliterating these designations to Latin.
The first system was introduced in It consisted of one or two letters designating system type and, optionally, type of cathode , a hyphen, then a sequentially assigned number with up to 3 digits. Petersburg, Russia. The first element is a number specifying filament voltage. The second element is a Cyrillic letter specifying the type of device. The third element is a sequentially assigned number that distinguishes between different devices of the same type.
The fourth element denotes the type of envelope. An optional fifth element consists of a hyphen followed by one or more characters to designate special characteristics of the tube. This usually implies construction differences, not just selection from regular quality production.
There is another designation system for professional tubes such as transmitter ones. The first element designates function. The next elements varies in interpretation. For ignitrons, rectifiers, and thyratrons, there is a digit, then hyphen, then the anode current in amperes, a slash, anode voltage in kV. A letter may be attached to designate water cooling no letter designates a radiation cooled device. For transmitting tubes in this system, the second element starts with a hyphen, a sequentially assigned number, then an optional letter specifying cooling method.
For phototubes and photomultipliers, the second element is a sequential number and then a letter code identifying vacuum or gas fill and the type of cathode. Then a hyphen "-" , followed by a sequentially assigned number or the designation of the American original. JIS C was published in and modified in and [31]. This system prefixes a three- or four-digit number with the letters "CV", meaning "civilian valve" i. The "" numbers identify special-quality valves though SQ valves CV numbered before that rule came in retain their original CV number:.
This part-identification system ensures that every particular spare part not merely thermionic valves receives a unique stock number across the whole of NATO irrespective of the source, and hence is not held inefficiently as separate stores.
One system prefixes a three-digit number with the letters "VT", presumably meaning "Vacuum Tube". The numbers following these prefixes can be "special" four-digit numbers, or domestic two- or three-digit numbers or simply the domestic North American "RETMA" numbering system.
Like the British military system, these have many direct equivalents in the civilian types. Confusingly, the British also had two entirely different "VT" nomenclatures, one used by the Royal Air Force see the preceding section and the other used by the General Post Office, responsible for post and telecommunications at the time, where it may have stood for "valve, telephone"; none of these schemes corresponded in any way with each other.
Various numeral-only systems exist. These tend to be used for devices used in commercial or industrial equipment. The oldest numbering systems date back to the early s, such as a two-digit numbering system, starting with the UVA , which was considered as "type 01", and extended almost continuously up into the s.
Three- and four-digit numeral-only systems were maintained by R. Devices in the low s tend to be transmitter output types, those in the higher s are not vacuum tubes, but gas-filled rectifiers and thyratrons, and those in the s tend to be special-purpose and high-frequency devices. Use was not rigorously systematic: the had variants , , and W. There are quite a number of these systems from different geographical realms, such as those used on devices from contemporary Russian and Chinese production.
Other compound numbering systems were used to mark higher-reliability types used in industrial or commercial applications. Computers and telecommunication equipment also required tubes of greater quality and reliability than for domestic and consumer equipment.
Function in a similar way to a Zener diode, at higher voltages. Letter order A-B-C indicates increasing voltage ratings on octal-based regulators and decreasing voltage ratings on miniature-based regulators. The following tubes were used in post-World War II walkie-talkies and pocket-sized portable radios.
All have 1. Some specify which end of the filament is to be powered by the positive side of the filament power supply usually a battery. All have glass bodies that measure from 0. These tubes were made for home storage battery receivers manufactured during the early to mids. The numbers of the following tubes all start with 1, but these tubes all have 2. This numbering scheme was intended to differentiate these tubes from the tubes with 2. All of the following tubes are designed to operate with their heaters connected directly to the volt now volt electrical mains of North America.
All of them use indirectly heated cathodes. All of them incorporate at least one rectifier diode. Note: Most of these are special quality versions of the equivalents given. Some manufacturers preceded the EIA number with a manufacturer's code, as explained above.
Used in s home radios. Filaments powered by 1.
Tubes Asylum
By continuing to use the forum you conform your acceptance of these. If you are not happy to accept these you must stop using the forum and delete our cookies from your browser. Re: Valve Questions. Kinkless tetrodes were not marketed primarily to the man on the Clapham omnibus, but to the designer of his hi-fi. Having said that, I suspect that ordinary people back then were far more aware of technology than today.
• Phase inverters
Moderators: pompeiisneaks , Colossal. Post by LeftyStrat » Sat Sep 01, am. Post by 10thTx » Sat Sep 01, am. Post by tubeswell » Sat Sep 01, pm. Post by LeftyStrat » Tue Sep 04, pm. Post by LeftyStrat » Wed Sep 05, pm. Post by VacuumVoodoo » Wed Sep 05, pm. Post by gingertube » Mon Sep 24, am.
List of vacuum tubes
Did you buy my book? If you are not familiar with loadlines, their purpose, and their use, I suggest you checking my guide: Section 3. The underlying model and equations, for tracing tube characteristics curves, are those discussed by Norman Koren, in his web site. Another Triode some people like ,is the Russian 6S19P.
Guitar Amp build suggestions
This is a list of vacuum tubes or thermionic valves , and low-pressure gas-filled tubes , or discharge tubes. Before the advent of semiconductor devices, thousands of tube types were used in consumer electronics. Many industrial, military or otherwise professional tubes were also produced. Only a few types are still used today, mainly in high-power, high-frequency applications. Receiving tubes have heaters or filaments intended for direct battery operation, parallel operation off a dedicated winding on a supply transformer, or series string operation on transformer-less sets.
Wizard 6V6 Reverb Combo USED
Questions about tubes and gear that glows. Tubes Asylum Questions about tubes and gear that glows. I'm running a 6DJ8 as the shared stereo input valve on both the They are fed 6. I forget how the 5V AC to 6. Because this family of valves are frame-grid types? As with many 12AX7s! I've never noticed any noise or microphony.
The Amp Garage
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diytube.com
I've run across 7 names for different phase inverter circuits, but have only found 4 in the guitar amp schematics that I've looked at. The purpose of a phase inverter is to provide 2 signals that are degrees out of phase with each other. These signals drive each half of a push-pull power tube pair. The long-tailed pair is perhaps the most common, and was used in many Fender, Marshall, and Vox models. It uses 2 tube sections, and can provide gain.
Cypher Labs Sustain84 Headphone Amplifier
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List of vacuum tubes
Users browsing this forum: Google [Bot] and 0 guests. I thought that I could build some small 3 watt amps for the kids to play with, the only thing I need are some power transformers and a few odds and ends. I've been looking on the net for some schematics and I found this one, the OPT's are 5k so I'm OK there, but I am a little unclear about the power transformer. Thanks Guys.
Bravo, what words ..., brilliant thought
I'm sorry, but I think you are making a mistake. I can defend my position. Email me at PM.
Perhaps.
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You've got a great thought