Integrated circuits 3rd generation
The third generation was from The computers of the third generation used Integrated Circuits ICs in place of transistors. A single IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. The IC was invented by Jack Kilby. An integrated circuit IC , sometimes called a chip or microchip, is a semiconductor wafer on which thousands or millions of tiny resistors, capacitors, and transistors are fabricated. An IC can function as an amplifier, oscillator, timer, counter, computer memory, or microprocessor.
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Content:
- Computers and Our Society
- Different Generation of Computers [1st to 5th] (updated)
- third generation computer
- 10 Characteristics of Third (3rd) Generation of Computers
- Topic A: Computer generations
- Third Generation of Computer – Advantages, Disadvantages, History, Features, Examples
- Third Generation of Computers
- The Five Generations Of Computers
Computers and Our Society
The third generation of computers was based on the Integrated Circuits which replaced the transistors in the second generation. The various advantages in the 3rd Generations of computer due to Integrated circuits were increased processing speed, less power consumption, less heat generation, reduced size of the system, greater storage capacity, portability, etc. Due to all these reasons the third generations of computers were an instant commercial success. The technology relied on the transistor integrated circuits which ended with a microprocessor-based 4th generation.
These hybrid ICs were not suitable for mass production. These IC chips required a planar process, allowing integrated circuits to be printed on silicon plates. IBM started its mass production and shipment to other places. The third generation computers underwent significant innovation in the s and s. The physical size of computers and the broadening of computer vendors brought the power of computing to the hands of people. With smaller and affordable hardware led to the development of the operating system Unix.
The time period of Second-generation computers is marked between to , whereas the time period of the third generation of computers is between to The transistors from the second generation were miniaturized and printed on integrated circuits in the third generation of computers.
The transistors were a landmark of technology and they replaced the vacuum tubes in the first generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers. The Integrated Circuits IC replaced the transistor technology in the third generation, as the IC used lithography which can pattern the entire circuit onto the resulting chips, containing up to millions of individual transistors.
The Integrated Circuits can also pattern other components such as a resistor, capacitors, inductors, etc apart from transistors. So, the Integrated Circuits eliminated the need for physical electronic components as they were equivalent to the lithography patterns that were drawn on the silicon boards of IC.
If the transistor required the size of a fingernail tip to sit on the circuitry in the second generation of the computer, then in the third generation of a computer the same transistor only required a grain of rice size to be imported on the chips. The integrated circuits were invented by Jack Kilby in at Texas Instrument. The first commercial computers based on Integrated Circuits were made by IBM, and this marked the beginning of the third generation of computers. Technologies that marked the Generation of computers.
Aside from the Multiprogramming Operating System, all other Operating Systems were introduced in the third generation of computers. The various functions that each operating system provided were —. Remote Processing Operating System — this operating system introduced us to a client-server architecture. The instructions to be processed can be provided by one computer to another computer that has powerful processing capacity, and the result from processing will then be returned to the first computer.
Therefore Time-sharing operating systems enabled many people to use various terminals of the same mainframe computer system at the same time. The objective of the time-sharing operating system was to minimize the response time. Real-Time Operating System — In this operating system, the time interval between the processing inputs and generating the result is so small that it appears to control the environment. All of the above-operating systems were introduced in the third generation of computers.
All these operating systems made computers applicable in various fields of studies, industries, etc. In the first generation of computers, machine language was only used and they were in the form of binary codes. In the Third Generation of Computer actual development in the high-level programming language was seen. The High-Level Programming Language made programming to be a lot easier than before and therefore many independent programmers started writing their software and application , therefore the third generation of computers has a great number of application software for their computers.
The third generation of computers is therefore also marked for their support of high-level language. In the second generation of computers, the computer system was dependent on the punch cards for input. If any programmer has to give instructions to the computer then they would have to code them into punch cards and then insert them into computers. For this reason, the second generation of computers did not gain much popularity because of the tedious method of human-computer interaction.
In the third generation of computers, keyboards and monitors replaced the punch card mechanism. So, if the programmer has to give instructions to the computer then he will simply type them from the keyboard and it will appear on the monitor.
This encouraged many people to learn computer programming and develop their software. The third generation of computers generated very less heat as compared to the second generation of computers. This is because of silicon, silicon is a semiconductor, and therefore with the help of the right impurities, the resistance of this material can be decreased. Therefore because of less resistance, the heat production greatly reduced and so does the energy consumption and this was not possible in the second generation of computers which used metallic wires to connect electronic components.
The Size of the third generation computer was reduced because the electronic components were lithography patterns that were drawn on the silicon chips, and because of power reduction the power unit size also decreased.
The third generation of computers had faster processing because the chips can contain up to billions of transistors on the chips and this number of transistors contributed to the processing speed of the computers. Therefore the processing power reduced the computational speed from microseconds to nanoseconds. The mainframe computer in the third generation used Integrated Circuits but the other peripherals such as storage method were the same as that of the second generation of the computer, they used reel to reel tapes drives for long term data storage.
The various example and types of third generation of computers are. The Mainframe computers were used by large organizations for various applications such as consumer statics, enterprise resource planning, the transaction on large scale, and many more bulk data processing tasks. A mainframe has much more processing power than a minicomputer, personal computer, or servers. Minicomputers are smaller and less powerful than mainframes or supercomputers, but more powerful than personal computers.
The various places of application are transaction handling, scientific computation, database management, and many more. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Who created the third generation of computer? The hybrid ICs laid the foundation technology for the third generation computers. What are the advantages of third generation computers?
There were various advantages of the third generation of computer over the second generation computer such as size of the computer reduced, less electricity consumption, increase in storage capacity, Less Hardware failure rate, more reliable, support for high level languages, increased accuracy, more versatile, and many more.
What are disadvantages of third generation computers? The drawback or disadvantage of third generation computers are they require Air Conditioning in their mainframe computers, the price range is in the thousands of dollars, Integrated circuits once damaged are beyond repair, Integrated circuits are complicated technology therefore require specialization.
What are the characteristics of third generation computers? The main characteristics of third generation computers were they used Integrated Circuits, Supported many high level languages, generated very less heat, energy consumption reduced, had faster processing speed, more reliable, and less maintenance. Third generation of computer was based on which technology? The third generation of computer technology was based on Integrated Circuit ICs. The Integrated Circuits IC used lithography which can pattern the entire circuit onto the resulting chips, containing up to millions of individual transistors.
First generation. Second Generation. Third Generation. Fourth Generation. Fifth Generation.
Different Generation of Computers [1st to 5th] (updated)
The third generation of computer hardware technology began to be implemented in the mid 's 93 , with many improvements being driven by IBM research. As the technology developed, record processing and record storage came to depend on two physically quite different technologies. Processing and short-term memory for "work in progress" used by the computer came to be purely electronic. Because electronic circuits used no mechanical components, data could be very rapidly moved and manipulated. The downside was that the information vanished as soon as the power was lost. Magnetic media rather than electronics came to be used for long term storage, because once the media was magnetized in the appropriate pattern to store the data, the pattern persisted, and could be stored off-line and read back into the computer years later.
third generation computer
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10 Characteristics of Third (3rd) Generation of Computers
Thanks for sharing this. Third generation computers are basics for 4th and 5th generation. Asic Chip Design. Nice post with awesome points!
Topic A: Computer generations
The period of the third generation was from The computers of the third generation used Integrated Circuits ICs instead of transistors. A single IC has numerous transistors, resistors, and capacitors alongside the related circuitry. The IC was invented by Jack Kilby. This improvement made computers smaller in size, reliable, and effective. In this generation, remote processing, time-sharing, multiprogramming operating system OS were used.
Third Generation of Computer – Advantages, Disadvantages, History, Features, Examples
The time period of the third 3rd generation computer was Mainly transistors were used in the second generation of computers to develop computers, but in the third generation of computer Integrated circuits were introduced. Jack Kilby was the inventor of the Integrated Circuit. Integrated Circuit used in place of transistors. It provided the associated security.
Third Generation of Computers
The third generation of computers covered a period between and It marked a new era that was defined by the improvement of the C. Its use revolutionized the way of building computers, which is still used today in the manufacture of cell phones and calculators.
The Five Generations Of Computers
Vacuum tube — an electronic device that controls the flow of electrons in a vacuum. It used as a switch, amplifier, or display screen in many older model radios, televisions, computers, etc. Transistor — an electronic component that can be used as an amplifier or as a switch. It is used to control the flow of electricity in radios, televisions, computers, etc. Integrated circuit IC — a small electronic circuit printed on a chip usually made of silicon that contains many its own circuit elements e. CPU central processing unit — It is often referred to as the brain or engine of a computer where most of the processing and operations take place CPU is part of a microprocessor.
The development of the integrated circuit was the sign of the third generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and set on silicon chips called semiconductors, which radically increased the speed and effectiveness of computers. Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system, which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that checked the memory. The IC's was designed by Jack Kilby. Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and less expensive than their forerunners.
The third generation of computers was based on the Integrated Circuits which replaced the transistors in the second generation. The various advantages in the 3rd Generations of computer due to Integrated circuits were increased processing speed, less power consumption, less heat generation, reduced size of the system, greater storage capacity, portability, etc. Due to all these reasons the third generations of computers were an instant commercial success. The technology relied on the transistor integrated circuits which ended with a microprocessor-based 4th generation.
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