Speaker damping calculator

The mechanical system vibrates at one or more of its natural frequencies and damps down to motionlessness. Damped vibration happens when the energy of a vibrating system is gradually dissipated by friction and other resistances, the vibrations are said to be damped. How to calculate Damping factor using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Damping factor, enter Damping coefficient c and Critical damping coefficient c c and hit the calculate button. Calculator A to Z.

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Speaker damping calculator

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Content:

• Защита от шума и вибраций
• Distance Attenuation Calculator
• Diaphragmal LF Absorbers (aka LMBT) damping and calculation
• Sound Attenuation – Inverse Square Law
• Constant-voltage speaker systems
• Audio Myth - "Damping Factor Isn't Much of a Factor"
• Measuring Amplifier Damping Factor with APx500
• Cableloss Calculator
• How big should the damping factor be?

WATCH RELATED VIDEO: Different types of speaker cabinet dampening materials

Защита от шума и вибраций

Meanwhile, amplifier technologies have improved and with the release of Vocia , the constant-voltage speaker network takes place in critical life-safety applications, such as voice evacuation systems. The most important aspect of a constant-voltage system is that all connected amplifiers and speakers are referenced to a constant-voltage value Constant-voltage utilizes audio transformers to adapt both impedance levels.

Audio transformers usually provide different taps to set up the power taken from the speaker line by the primary coil. In many standard applications, the audio signal coming from a power amplifier will be transformed to higher impedance through a built-in or an external audio transformer.

Once the audio signal is transformed to higher impedance higher voltage for the same output power , each speaker must be equipped with a transformer as well, to adapt step down from CV to LoZ:. In the following drawing, the speaker line requires an amplifier with at least 31Watts of amplifier power. The fact that the amplifier is capable of Watts output power does not mean that speakers will be damaged.

It can be understood as headroom: An oversized amplifier will allow the option to add more speakers to the line at any time if desired. In summary, all of these advantages translate to versatility, which is clearly the strength of CV speaker systems. But there are also shortcomings involved with using a CV system; these are related to audio quality:.

These characteristics are limiting the range of applications for CV systems. CV will be the right choice in wide spaces, for distributed audio environments, background music applications and paging. When it comes to sound reinforcement systems with an increased demand for music performance, a LoZ speaker system should be chosen.

To get both advantages out of one system, modern amplifier technologies make it possible to drive CV and LoZ speakers with one device. In the following example a Stereo front PA, a pair of delay speakers and a CV speaker line for audio distribution in the whole building is facilitated by one multichannel amplifier. The following table lists the load impedances presented to the amplifier depending on the power drawn by connected speakers.

The Power W column represents the sum of the transformer taps of all speakers connected to the amplifier output. Most impedance meters on the market use a 1kHz sine wave tone to read the actual load of the speaker line. Advanced functions of an impedance meter can be a variable measuring tone frequency or sweep. The measuring tone can usually be heard on all connected speakers, which makes it a helpful troubleshooting tool.

That also applies to the primary coil of audio transformers. Especially when a couple of them are wired in parallel, this may result in critical impedances at lower frequencies.

It is recommended, to always use a high-pass filter when driving constant-voltage speaker lines, it will prevent the amplifier from overheating or reporting short circuit errors. Most constant-voltage amplifiers have a built-in high pass filter on each output. Even though constant-voltage can be transported over long distances, there is still a certain amount of cable loss that needs to be considered.

As in all electrical connections, the loss of power will increase when increasing the distance, increasing the load impedance, or decreasing the conductor diameter. And there is another factor that should be taken seriously: the temperature.

This should be considered especially when impedance monitoring functions are in use. The following table gives a brief overview on maximum speaker line lengths. The following numbers assume a line voltage of Note that V lines are capable of running twice the distance to get the same loss as a 70V line.

NOTE: The distances shown are individual conductor length. Loudspeakers cables should always be a twisted pair, so divide the above distances by two for cable run lengths. Every cable is different and so are the results of any cable loss calculation. As some installation wires consist of copper-aluminium alloy, the specific conductor resistance may differ between different cable types and manufacturers.

The only way to get reliable numbers will be to use the data provided by the cable manufacturer. This table was calculated with the specific resistance of copper, which is 0. With Audia Fusion and the VA Amplifier, Biamp introduced high-performance multichannel amplifiers, which are capable of adapting their output voltage directly to low impedance speakers and constant-voltage speaker lines, without the need for output transformers.

This method of transformerless interfacing is called Direct Drive. Therefore, each speaker output channel is coupled to an output load selector Channels from right to left :. Right after adding the block to the workspace, the block's initialization dialog allows all necessary settings to be applied to the amplifier output s :.

Both AudiaFusion and all Vocia amplifier models offer speaker line monitoring functions. AudiaFusion monitors impedance by directly measuring output voltage and current, while a Vocia amplifier will send out inaudible signals that are detected by an End of Line Device ELD This method of line monitoring works for all types of impedances and power settings.

Any connection problem in the speaker line will interrupt the communication between the amplifier and the ELD Once an error has been detected, it will be displayed in Vocia software or, in order to comply with life safety standards, it will be reported by the Life Safety Interface LSI, LSIe. The way speaker line monitoring works in Audia Fusion is different, as it works with a live analysis of the actual current in relation to frequency at the speaker output of each channel.

This measurement can be displayed as a graph in Audia software:. To get a permanent current read-out on the amplifier output, a signal with sufficient level must be present all the time. The monitoring itself happens in one or multiple bands. For instance, if only a pilot tone of 20kHz shall be monitored, a band can be set to 20kHz, with a very narrow bandwidth.

If a larger frequency spectrum needs to be monitored, the bandwidth can be expanded and multiple bands can be used. Basics The most important aspect of a constant-voltage system is that all connected amplifiers and speakers are referenced to a constant-voltage value Once the audio signal is transformed to higher impedance higher voltage for the same output power , each speaker must be equipped with a transformer as well, to adapt step down from CV to LoZ: Fig.

But there are also shortcomings involved with using a CV system; these are related to audio quality: Limited frequency range, particularly in low frequency response Increased distortion, especially in high frequency range Lowered damping factor Overall loss in performance and sound accuracy These characteristics are limiting the range of applications for CV systems.

Impedances The following table lists the load impedances presented to the amplifier depending on the power drawn by connected speakers.

Power W Load Cable Loss Even though constant-voltage can be transported over long distances, there is still a certain amount of cable loss that needs to be considered. Power 10AWG 5. Constant-voltage in Vocia and Audia With Audia Fusion and the VA Amplifier, Biamp introduced high-performance multichannel amplifiers, which are capable of adapting their output voltage directly to low impedance speakers and constant-voltage speaker lines, without the need for output transformers.

Therefore, each speaker output channel is coupled to an output load selector Channels from right to left : Fig. Right after adding the block to the workspace, the block's initialization dialog allows all necessary settings to be applied to the amplifier output s : Fig. Speaker line monitoring Both AudiaFusion and all Vocia amplifier models offer speaker line monitoring functions.

This measurement can be displayed as a graph in Audia software: Fig.

Distance Attenuation Calculator

Eigenfrequencies or natural frequencies are certain discrete frequencies at which a system is prone to vibrate. Natural frequencies appear in many types of systems, for example, as standing waves in a musical instrument or in an electrical RLC circuit. Here, we mainly describe the study of eigenfrequencies in mechanical structures, but many of the concepts are generally applicable. When vibrating at a certain eigenfrequency, a structure deforms into a corresponding shape, the eigenmode. An eigenfrequency analysis can only provide the shape of the mode, not the amplitude of any physical vibration. The true size of the deformation can only be determined if an actual excitation is known together with damping properties.

Diaphragmal LF Absorbers (aka LMBT) damping and calculation

These myths seem to trace back to a well-known paper written by Dick Pierce. His analysis shows that a damping factor of 10 is virtually indistinguishable from a damping factor of 10, when it comes to damping the motion of a loudspeaker cone. This analysis has been examined and repeated in many more recent articles, such as a well-written post on Audiofrog. Articles such as these are often cited as evidence that amplifier damping factor doesn't matter. The mathematical analyses are correct, but the conclusions are incomplete and misleading! The papers were written to bust one damping factor myth but ironically they spawned another. These papers show that the damping of driver motion cannot be significantly improved by raising the damping factor above They also point out that most amplifiers easily exceed this requirement. On the surface, both papers seem to imply that damping specifications are not important. If you are one of the many people that jumped to that conclusion, you are perpetuating a myth.

Sound Attenuation – Inverse Square Law

In order to determine an estimate of a sound pressure level at a distance the Inverse Square Law can be used. In terms of the propagation and attenuation of sound, the inverse square law is a principle in physics whereby a point source emits a sound wave uniformly in all directions essentially spherically , where the intensity of the sound wave energy at any given point away from the source is diminished as a function of the total surface area of the sphere coincident with that point. To determine the sound attenuation over a distance using the inverse square law, an idealisation needs to be made in which there are no reflective surfaces or barriers between the source and the location at which the sound level is being determined. According to the inverse square law, it can be shown that for each doubling of distance from a point source, the sound pressure level decreases by approximately 6 dB. Examples of points sources could include valves, small pumps and motors.

Constant-voltage speaker systems

Ever have one of your friendly amplifier reps walk in your office to present their new mondo-gazillion-watt beast and point out the damping factor spec of greater than a bazillion? Why, gee-whiz! It must be awesome! Well, as we have seen before, it depends on how you are going to use it. It is most evident at frequencies below Hz or so where the size and weight of the cones become significant. Very few amplifier spec sheets state the output impedance, but you can generally call the manufacturer for this spec or you can calculate it by dividing the minimum rated load impedance by the damping factor rating.

Audio Myth - "Damping Factor Isn't Much of a Factor"

Speaker Box Damping. What is the best material for damping the inside of the cabinet? Also, does the amout of damping material you use effect the box volume design? For damping my favourite is fibreglass. Another option is to use polyeter foam the material in mattresses , I tried this recently and was surprised how well it works. It is also nicer to handle, and I know that some people have issues with the health aspects of fibreglass. Both affect the apparent box volume, it appears larger due to the isothermalising effects of the materials.

Measuring Amplifier Damping Factor with APx500

The Damping Factor of an amplifier is defined as the ratio of its rated load impedance to its output source impedance. Note that for the purposes of this measurement, R O is assumed to be totally resistive, and R L is a non-inductive load resistor. So, we can determine the damping factor directly from the measured voltages as.

Cableloss Calculator

RELATED VIDEO: Treating Enclosure Resonances

Insert resistance of the coil s in series with the bass driver in cell B8, something like 0. It doesn't make a huge difference. Now, TS data and their reliability: Basically we can get the data we want depending on the voltage applied during measurement. Here are some examples from an 8" polyprop bass driver:. Above the same driver from four different measurements of impedance: Two are done from stepped sinusoidal measurements and two with a sweep signal.

How big should the damping factor be?

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This program will show the effect that the speaker wire has on the effective damping factor. Input Section Amplifier Power Output? Email Home Page.