Tweeter for speaker
Car tweeters bring clarity and quality to audio played throughout your car. Designed to produce high frequency sounds, tweeters are small, compact speakers that will help you to enjoy the full breadth of your favourite songs. They need to be small to emit high frequency sounds, which is an added bonus when trying to fit them into a confined space like a car. With so many car tweeters in our range, you can find the exact model that suits your requirements and budget.
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What Are Tweeters? What Do Tweeters Do? The Tweeter Speaker Guide
A tweeter or treble speaker is a special type of loudspeaker usually dome, inverse dome or horn-type that is designed to produce high audio frequencies, typically deliver high frequencies up to kHz. The name is derived from the high pitched sounds made by some birds Tweets , especially in contrast to the low woofs made by many dogs , after which low-frequency drivers are named woofers.
Nearly all tweeters are electrodynamic drivers using a voice coil suspended within a fixed magnetic field. These designs operate by applying current from the output of an amplifier circuit to a coil of wire called a voice coil. The voice coil produces a varying magnetic field, which works against the fixed magnetic field of a permanent magnet around which the cylindrical voice coil is suspended, forcing the voice coil and the diaphragm attached to it to move. This mechanical movement resembles the waveform of the electronic signal supplied from the amplifier's output to the voice coil.
Since the coil is attached to a diaphragm, the vibratory motion of the voice coil transmits to the diaphragm; the diaphragm in turn vibrates the air, thus creating air motions or audio waves, which is heard as high sounds. Modern tweeters are typically different from older tweeters, which were usually small versions of woofers. As tweeter technology has advanced, different design applications have become popular. Many soft dome tweeter diaphragms are thermoformed from polyester film, or silk or polyester fabric that has been impregnated with a polymer resin.
Hard dome tweeters are usually made of aluminium, aluminium-magnesium alloys, or titanium. Tweeters are intended to convert an electrical signal into mechanical air movement with nothing added or subtracted, but the process is imperfect, and real-world tweeters involve tradeoffs.
Among the challenges in tweeter design and manufacture are: providing adequate damping, to stop the dome's motion rapidly when the signal ends; ensuring suspension linearity, allowing high output at the low end of its frequency range; ensuring freedom from contact with the magnet assembly, keeping the dome centered as it moves; and providing adequate power handling without adding excessive mass. Tweeters can also work in collaboration with the woofers that are responsible for generating the low frequencies or bass.
Some tweeters sit outside the main enclosure in their own semi-independent unit. Examples include " super tweeters " and the novel "egg tweeter" by Ohm. The latter plugs in and swivels to adjust the soundfield depending on listener position and user preference. The separation from the baffle is considered to be optimal under the theory that the smallest baffle possible is optimal for tweeters. Most tweeters are designed to reproduce frequencies up to the formally defined upper limit of the human hearing range typically listed as 20 kHz ; some operate at frequencies up to approximately in between 5 kHz to 20 kHz.
Tweeters with a greater upper range have been designed for psychoacoustic testing, for extended-range digital audio such as Super Audio CD intended for audiophiles , for biologists performing research on animal response to sounds, and for ambient sound systems in zoos. Ribbon tweeters have been made that can reproduce 80 kHz [3] and even kHz.
All dome materials have advantages and disadvantages. Three properties designers look for in domes are low mass, high stiffness and good damping. Celestion were the first manufacturers to fabricate dome tweeters out of a metal, copper.
Nowadays other metals such as aluminium , titanium , magnesium , and beryllium , as well as various alloys thereof, are used, being both light and stiff but having low damping; their resonant modes occur above 20 kHz.
More exotic materials, such as synthetic diamond , are also being used for their extreme stiffness. Polyethylene terephthalate film and woven silk suffer less ringing, but are not nearly as stiff, which can limit their very high frequency output.
In general, smaller dome tweeters provide wider dispersion of sound at the highest frequencies. However, smaller dome tweeters have less radiating area, which limits their output at the lower end of their range; and they have smaller voice coils, which limit their overall power output. Ferrofluid is a suspension of very small typically 10 nm iron oxide magnetic particles in a very low volatility liquid, typically a synthetic oil.
A wide range of viscosity and magnetic density variants allow designers to add damping, cooling, or both. Ferrofluid also aids in centering the voice coil in the magnetic gap, reducing distortion. The fluid is typically injected into the magnetic gap and is held in place by the strong magnetic field. If a tweeter has been subjected to elevated power levels, some thickening of the ferrofluid occurs, as a portion of the carrier liquid evaporates.
In extreme cases, this can degrade the sound quality and output level of a tweeter, and the fluid must be removed and new fluid installed. Tweeters designed for sound reinforcement and musical instrument applications are broadly similar to high fidelity tweeters, though they're usually not referred to as tweeters, but as "high frequency drivers".
Key design requirement differences are: mountings built for repeated shipping and handling, drivers often mounted to horn structures to provide for higher sound levels and greater control of sound dispersion, and more robust voice coils to withstand the higher power levels typically encountered.
High frequency drivers in PA horns are often referred to as " compression drivers " from the mode of acoustic coupling between the driver diaphragm and the horn throat. Various materials are used in the construction of compression driver diaphragms including titanium, aluminium, phenolic impregnated fabric, polyimide and PET film , each having its own characteristics. The diaphragm is glued to a voice coil former, typically made from a different material from the dome, since it must cope with heat without tearing or significant dimensional change.
Polyimide film, Nomex , and glassfibre are popular for this application. The suspension may be a continuation of the diaphragm and is glued to a mounting ring, which may fit into a groove, over locating pins, or be fastened with machine screws.
The diaphragm is generally shaped like an inverted dome and loads into a series of tapered channels in a central structure called a phase plug , which equalizes the path length between various areas of the diaphragm and the horn throat, preventing acoustic cancellations between different points on the diaphragm surface.
The phase plug exits into a tapered tube, which forms the start of the horn itself. This slowly expanding throat within the driver is continued in the horn flare. The horn flare controls the coverage pattern, or directivity, and as an acoustic transformer, adds gain. This is substantially more efficient and less thermally dangerous to a small voice coil and former than other tweeter construction. Cone tweeters have the same basic design and form as a woofer with optimizations to operate at higher frequencies.
The optimizations usually are:. Cone tweeters were popular in older stereo hi-fi speakers designed and manufactured in the s and s as an alternative to the dome tweeter which was developed in the late s.
These vintage cone tweeters exhibited very flat frequency response, low distortion, fast transient response, a low resonance frequency and a gentle low-end roll-off, easing crossover design. The CTS "phenolic ring" tweeter gets its name from the orange-colored edge suspension ring that it has which is made from phenolic.
It was used in many makes and models of well-regarded vintage speakers, and was a mid-priced unit. Cone tweeters have a narrower dispersion characteristic that is the same as a cone woofer's. Many designers therefore believed this made them a good match to cone midranges and woofers, allowing for superb stereo imaging.
However, the "sweet spot" created by the narrow dispersion of cone tweeters is small. Speakers with cone tweeters offered the best stereo imaging when positioned in the room's corners, a common practice in the s, s and early s.
During the s and s, the widespread introduction of higher quality audiophile discs and the advent of the CD caused the cone tweeter to fall out of popularity because cone tweeters seldom extend past 15 kHz. Audiophiles felt that cone tweeters lacked the "airiness" of dome tweeters or other types. Cone tweeters are now rarely used in modern hi-fi usage and are routinely seen in low cost applications such as factory car speakers, compact stereo systems, and boom boxes.
Some boutique speaker manufacturers recently have returned to high-end cone tweeters, especially recreations of CTS phenolic ring models, to create a vintage-sounding product.
A dome tweeter is constructed by attaching a voice coil to a dome made of woven fabric, thin metal or other suitable material , which is attached to the magnet or the top plate via a low compliance suspension.
These tweeters typically do not have a frame or basket, but a simple front plate attached to the magnet assembly. Dome tweeters are categorized by their voice coil diameter, and range from 19 mm 0.
The overwhelming majority of dome tweeters presently used in hi-fi speakers are 25 mm 1 in in diameter. A variation is the ring radiator in which the 'suspension' of the cone or dome becomes the major radiating element. These tweeters have different directivity characteristics when compared to standard dome tweeters. A piezo or piezo-electric tweeter contains a piezoelectric crystal coupled to a mechanical diaphragm. An audio signal is applied to the crystal, which responds by flexing in proportion to the voltage applied across the crystal's surfaces, thus converting electrical energy into mechanical.
The conversion of electrical pulses to mechanical vibrations and the conversion of returned mechanical vibrations back into electrical energy is the basis for ultrasonic testing.
The active element is the heart of the transducer as it converts the electrical energy to acoustic energy, and vice versa. The active element is basically a piece of polarized material i. When an electric field is applied across the material, the polarized molecules will align themselves with the electric field, resulting in induced dipoles within the molecular or crystal structure of the material.
This alignment of molecules will cause the material to change dimensions. This phenomenon is known as electrostriction. In addition, a permanently polarized material such as quartz SiO 2 or barium titanate BaTiO 3 will produce an electric field when the material changes dimensions as a result of an imposed mechanical force. This phenomenon is known as the piezoelectric effect. They are often used in toys, buzzers, alarms, bass guitar speaker cabinets, cheap computer or stereo speakers and PA horns.
A ribbon tweeter uses a very thin diaphragm often of aluminum, or perhaps metalized plastic film that supports a planar coil frequently made by deposition of aluminium vapor, suspended in a powerful magnetic field typically provided by neodymium magnets to reproduce high frequencies.
The development of ribbon tweeters has more or less followed the development of ribbon microphones. The ribbon is of very lightweight material and so capable of very high acceleration and extended high frequency response. Ribbons have traditionally been incapable of high output large magnet gaps leading to poor magnetic coupling is the main reason. But higher power versions of ribbon tweeters are becoming common in large-scale sound reinforcement line array systems, which can serve audiences of thousands.
They are attractive in these applications since nearly all ribbon tweeters inherently exhibit useful directional properties, with very wide horizontal dispersion coverage and very tight vertical dispersion. These drivers can easily be stacked vertically, building a high frequency line array that produces high sound pressure levels much farther away from the speaker locations than do conventional tweeters. Some loudspeaker designers use a planar-magnetic tweeter, sometimes called a quasi-ribbon.
Planar magnetic tweeters are generally less expensive than true ribbon tweeters, but are not precisely equivalent as a metal foil ribbon is lighter than the diaphragm in a planar magnetic tweeter and the magnetic structures are different.
Usually a thin piece of PET film or plastic with a voice coil wire running numerous times vertically on the material is used. The magnet structure is less expensive than for ribbon tweeters. An electrostatic tweeter operates on the same principles as a full-range electrostatic speaker or a pair of electrostatic headphones.
This type of speaker employs a thin diaphragm generally plastic and typically PET film , with a thin conductive coating, suspended between two screens or perforated metal sheets, referred to as stators.
The output of the driving amplifier is applied to the primary of a step-up transformer with a center-tapped secondary, and a very high voltage—several hundred to several thousand volts—is applied between the center tap of the transformer and the diaphragm. Electrostatics of this type necessarily include a high voltage power supply to provide the high voltage used. The stators are connected to the remaining terminals of the transformer. When an audio signal is applied to the primary of the transformer, the stators are electrically driven degrees out of phase, alternately attracting and repelling the diaphragm.
An uncommon way of driving an electrostatic speaker without a transformer is to connect the plates of a push-pull vacuum tube amplifier directly to the stators, and the high voltage supply between the diaphragm and ground. Electrostatics have reduced even-order harmonic distortion because of their push-pull design. They also have minimal phase distortion. The design is quite old the original patents date to the s , but occupies a very small segment of the market because of high costs, low efficiency, large size for full range designs, and fragility.
What Do Tweeters Do: How Tweeter Design Affects Sound
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Speakers: Parts is Parts - Tweeter History, Cones, and Domes.
Loudspeakers are critical to any audio system. From tweeter speakers to woofer speakers, loudspeakers are the components that provide movies, music, and sports with sounds that are often taken for granted. Microphones convert sound into electrical impulses that can be recorded onto some form of storage media. Once captured and stored, it can be reproduced at a later time or place. Hearing recorded sound requires a playback device, an amplifier, and, most critically, a loudspeaker. A loudspeaker is a device that converts electrical signals into sound as the result of an electro-mechanical process. Speakers typically incorporate the following construction:. The speaker also referred to as a speaker driver or driver can now reproduce sound, but the story doesn't end there. The speaker must be placed inside an enclosure so that it performs well and looks aesthetically pleasing.
What is a speaker tweeter?
What are the differences between mid-range speakers, tweeters and woofers? The mentioned speakers refer to different driver types in speakers that have different sizes and roles to play in sound reproduction. Tweets are small and produce high frequencies; woofers are large and produce low frequencies, and mid-range speakers split the difference. A speaker driver is the transducer component responsible for converting audio signals electrical energy into sound waves mechanical wave energy.
What is a tweeter speaker and how does it work?
Due to its obvious benefits, it has been used in most mid- and high range DALI speakers in years. The layman version By pairing a soft dome tweeter with a ribbon tweeter hybrid tweeter , delivering a smooth and well-integrated sound for a wider listening position wide dispersion. This ensures that DALI loudspeakers are easy to position in any room as both the direct and reflecting signals have the same high quality, when reaching your ears. The result is a consistent high sound quality across a much wider listening area. See the full list of loudspeakers that feature the Hybrid Tweeter at the bottom of this page. The Hybrid Tweeter consists of a soft dome tweeter and a ribbon tweeter and it allows us to get the best of both worlds in the quest for superior high frequency reproduction.
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Your browser's Javascript functionality is turned off. Please turn it on so that you can experience the full capabilities of this site. Club speakers play smooth, clear high frequencies with excellent dispersion, thanks to the PEI balanced dome tweeters. Club speakers are available in a range of standard sizes, and feature a compact design that allows them to fit in just about any vehicle on the road today.
Descriptive Audio. Every sound you hear has a given frequency, typically the human hearing range is from 20 Hz to 20, Hz which you may think is a very wide range as seen in the equalizer settings , indeed it is. Traditional speakers produce sound by using an electromagnet to move a flexible cone back and forth. They use drivers to help translate electrical signals into physical vibrations so that you can hear recorded sounds. Tweeters are one of the three main speaker types.
A tweeter loudspeaker is used for high-frequency sounds, typically those sounds used to repel animals or to produce high-frequency noises in songs, movies and other audio. There are many tweeter speakers, such as the cone speaker, which has a small and fast cone and looks like a woofer. The dome tweeter is formed like a dome, has larger voice coils than most other tweeter speakers and is normally used for high-quality systems. A ribbon tweeter uses a rapidly moving ribbon that is lightweight, but it typically this needs more power than the other tweeters to make high-frequency sounds. Air motion transfer AMT systems use air to create high-frequency sounds, and they tend to have fewer parts but can be difficult for designers to create.
By: HowStuffWorks. Traditional speakers produce sound by using an electromagnet to move a flexible cone back and forth. They use drivers to help translate electrical signals into physical vibrations so that you can hear recorded sounds.
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