Mega ohms to ohms calculator speaker
No home studio is immune from issues of impedance, yet the subject can seem very confusing. In this workshop we explain what the recording musician needs to know about impedance, and show you how to avoid lifeless guitar sounds, digital glitches, and fried amps! Anyone who has read the technical specifications of any mixer, preamplifier, microphone, or pretty much any other piece of audio equipment will have come across the term impedance. Input impedance, output impedance, terminating impedance, matched impedance, and characteristic impedance are all fairly common terms in the tech specs, but what do they all mean and why are they relevant? In this article I will try to answer these questions and to explain what you need to know about impedance in practical terms, without too much maths and science.
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How To Calculate And Understand Resistor Values
One source of confusion we frequently run across is the concept of speaker impedance. This confusion is also a likely cause of many blown power amplifiers. This article is intended to explain the meaning of speaker impedance and guide the reader in connecting multiple speakers to an amplifier. What are ohms, anyway? Short answer: The ohm is the unit of measure for impedance , which is the property of a speaker that restricts the flow of electrical current through it.
Typical speakers have impedance ratings of 4 ohms, 8 ohms or 16 ohms. The impedance of a speaker is a physical property that ideally does not change value, although from an engineering standpoint, there are many complex characteristics that make up speaker impedance For this reason, the rating of a speaker is called its 'nominal' value, which pretty much means "in name only".
For the average audio user, the nominal impedance is the dominant characteristic and for the purposes of this discussion, we will use the nominal value of the speaker's impedance. Why are ohms important? Two reasons: 1 If you connect your amplifier to the wrong speaker impedance, you risk damaging the amp.
In tube amps, too high a load impedance or a disconnected load can result in damage to the output tubes or output transformer, while in solid state amps, if the speaker impedance is too low, the amplifier will tend to overheat and more power is used up in the amplifier than is delivered to the speaker. Too many speakers on a solid state amp can burn up the power output section.
Too low an impedance will result in weak output and poor tone. If the speaker impedance is higher than that of the amplifier, its power output will again be less than it is capable of. Understanding Ohms and Impedance: In order to understand the reasons for the rules for speaker connection, we need a bit of electrical theory. You probably had this as a lesson in high school at some point, but were more interested in other things at the time.
In order to relate it to something you are more familiar with, let's consider the ordinary garden hose. Print this off and go outside, hook up the hose no nozzle and turn on the water.
Pretty soon, water should start flowing out the end of the hose. This flow of water through the hose is similar to electric current, which is usually described as the flow of electrons through the wire and is measured in Amperes. Now put your thumb over the end of the hose and try to stop the flow of water. Feel the pressure? This pressure is similar to Voltage. It is the force of electricity that pushes the electrons through the wire.
Notice that if you succeed in plugging the water flow, no current the pressure is still there. This is like an amplifier with no speakers attached, or an AC outlet with nothing plugged in. Voltage is present, but there is no current flow. Finally, move your thumb a bit to allow some water to spray. By varying the position of your thumb, you can control how much water comes out of the hose.
Your thumb is restricting the flow of water. In an electrical circuit, things that restrict or control the flow of current are said to impede current flow, and are described as having impedance. In a hose, we use a nozzle to restrict the flow. In an electrical circuit, the device that uses electrical energy and has impedance is called the LOAD. It should be apparent by now that there is a relationship between pressure voltage , flow current and restriction impedance. Since voltage or pressure is what moves the current, increasing the voltage pressure should increase the current, assuming the impedance doesn't change.
Decreasing the voltage should decrease the current. On the other hand, increasing the impedance restricting the flow of current will cause the current to decrease, like turning the nozzle toward OFF. Lowering the impedance is like opening the nozzle to allow more flow. This relationship was analyzed by a fellow by the name of George Simon Ohm a long time ago, and he identified a simple formula that is extremely important in electricity and electronics which bears his name: Ohm's Law.
Ohm's Law states: In an electrical circuit, current flow is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to impedance. Mathematically, this becomes: Current in amperes equals voltage in volts divided by impedance in ohms. So increasing the voltage increased the current.
If the voltage decreases back to 10 volts, the current will decrease back to 1. Now, if our amplifier with 10 volts output is connected to a 4 ohm speaker, the lower impedance will allow more current to flow. Finally, if we can measure or in some other way determine the amount of current being drawn from the amplifier, we can calculate the value of the load impedance using Ohm's Law. We will use this shortly to figure out what happens when we connect several speakers to the output of an amplifier.
The formula for this is: Impedance in ohms equals Voltage in volts divided by Current in amperes. Also connect the black terminal of the amp to the black or '-' terminal of the speaker. If you feed a pure tone through the amp so that it delivers 10 volts to the speaker, the current flow through the speaker as we saw above should be 1.
The first thing to understand is that the voltage output from the amplifier does not change. In reality, it might drop just a hair, but for this discussion let's assume a perfect amplifier. So it's still 10 volts AC. And since each speaker is connected directly to the amp's output terminals, each speaker will receive 10 volts from the amplifier. As we saw earlier, if 10 volts is applied to an 8 ohm speaker, it will draw a current of 1.
And if each speaker needs 1. If you add a third speaker, it will also draw another 1. If you keep adding speakers, at some point the speakers will demand more current than the amplifier can deliver, and it gives up its smoke and dies.
Too many loads is an overload. See importance 1, above. Now, we are ready for impedance. As we said earlier, if you know the voltage and can figure the total current, you can calculate the total impedance of all the speakers together by dividing the voltage by the total current.
A single speaker is simple: 10 volts divided by 1. Remember that two 8 ohm speakers would draw a total of 2. So 10 volts divided by 2. What about 3 speakers that draw 3.
Four speakers that draw 5 amperes from a 10 volt source have a total impedance of 10 volts divided by 5 amperes which equals 2 ohms. As more speakers are added, each one draws additional current from the 10 volt source, so there must be less total restriction of current.
Well, what if the speakers have different impedances? Like an 8 ohm cabinet and a 4 ohm cabinet? The same method can be used. To make it simpler, remember that impedance was a physical property that doesn't depend on the voltage. The speaker has the same impedance whether the source is 10 volts or 1 volt. So let's use 1 volt to make it simpler. Both together draw 0. Notice that the total is less than the lowest value speaker. While the calculations may seem complicated, examination of the results above reveals some patterns that make things much easier.
First, if all speakers or cabinets have the same impedance ratings, the total impedance can be found by using the impedance value of one speaker and dividing that by the total number of speakers. If you go back to our example of 8 ohm speakers, we found that a single speaker had a total impedance of 8 ohms duh What happens with 5, 6, or more speakers? Second, the relationship between typical speaker impedance ratings allows for some equivalents when mixing different ratings.
A single 4 ohm speaker is the equivalent of two 8 ohm speakers in parallel. So a 4 ohm speaker combined with an 8 ohm speaker would have the same total impedance as three 8 ohm speakers in parallel. See if you can figure out the equivalents for a 4, 8 and 16 ohm speaker combination. So, if you see a speaker jack labeled "Minimum Load 4 ohms", that means you can connect up to two 8 ohm speakers or a single 4 ohm speaker to that jack.
What if the jack label says "Minimum 2 ohms"? If you are mixing speakers with different impedance ratings, be sure to check the total impedance using the rules above to be certain the total is within the limits of the amplifier. Solid state amps typically have a 'minimum load impedance' indicated near the speaker terminals, and the total speaker impedance must be equal to or greater than that value.
Tube amplifiers typically have a switch on the back to adjust for the speaker load impedance. Tube amps have different output characteristics than solid state amplifiers, and too low a load impedance will not normally damage them, but the total output will become weaker and muddy. So too little load impedance is still undesirable. Too high a load impedance on a tube amp can cause high voltages inside the amp that can damage power output tubes or the output transformer.
So, how do you tell what the impedance of a speaker is? On most cabinets, it should be printed on a label next to the jack. If the speaker is visible, it may be printed on the speaker label or stamped on the frame or magnet.
To measure the true impedance of a speaker or cabinet requires a rather complex procedure involving signal generators, power amplifiers and high frequency AC voltmeters. However, with raw speakers and many cabinets, the ohmmeter function of a digital multimeter can help you identify what the impedance of the speaker should be.
So, a 4 ohm speaker will typically measure about 2. Another thing As a general rule, all speaker jack connections are considered parallel connections and will follow the above rules.
Kohm to ohm calculator
Capacitance C , frequency f , and capacitive reactance X C Enter the values for capacitance and frequency, then press "calculate". Capacitive reactance. Reactance calculator of C and L. Frequency response and equalization EQ filter - Preemphasis and deemphasis. Capacity C , charge Q , and voltage V.
How much is 10 mega ohms?
One ohm is the resistance value through which one volt will maintain a current of one ampere. I Current is what flows on a wire or conductor like water flowing down a river. Current flows from points of high voltage to points of low voltage on the surface of a conductor. Current is measured in A amperes or amps. E Voltage is the difference in electrical potential between two points in a circuit. It's the push or pressure behind current flow through a circuit, and is measured in V volts. R Resistance determines how much current will flow through a component.
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If you play with coax, short for coaxial cable, you probably know this it is available in a number of different impedances. The most common is 75 ohm, like video cable or antenna cable, but in fact our products range from 32 ohms up to ohms. Why all these different numbers? It's not an accident of course, and there is a reason for each one.
Nominal impedance
Post Your Comments? One kiloohm is equal to 1, ohms , which is the resistance between two points of a conductor with one ampere of current at one volt.. The kiloohm is a multiple of the ohm , which is the SI derived unit for electrical resistance. In the metric system, "kilo" is the prefix for 10 3. Website: Inchcalculator. Category : Use to in a sentence.
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Post Your Comments? One kiloohm is equal to 1, ohms , which is the resistance between two points of a conductor with one ampere of current at one volt.. The kiloohm is a multiple of the ohm , which is the SI derived unit for electrical resistance. In the …. Website: Inchcalculator. Category : Use to in a sentence. Convert kiloohm to ohm Conversion of Measurement Units. Type in your own numbers in the form to convert the units!
Resistors are the most commonly used components in electronic circuits and devices. The main purpose of a resistor is to maintain specified values of voltage and current in an electronic circuit. The unit of resistance is Ohm.
The seemingly mysterious specification of speaker impedance should be understood in order for us to fully comprehend how speakers work. What is speaker impedance? Technically speaking, impedance is the combination of DC resistance and any reactance in an AC circuit. Because impedance acts on AC circuits rather than DC circuits, there are frequency and phase components.
One source of confusion we frequently run across is the concept of speaker impedance. This confusion is also a likely cause of many blown power amplifiers. This article is intended to explain the meaning of speaker impedance and guide the reader in connecting multiple speakers to an amplifier. What are ohms, anyway? Short answer: The ohm is the unit of measure for impedance , which is the property of a speaker that restricts the flow of electrical current through it.
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