Car wikipedia automobile
A car or automobile is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation. Most definitions of cars say that they run primarily on roads, seat one-to-eight people, have four wheels and mainly transport people rather than goods. Cars came into global use during the 20th century, and developed economies depend on them. The year is regarded as the birth year of the car when German inventor Karl Benz patented his Benz Patent-Motorwagen. Cars became widely available in the early 20th century.
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Motor vehicle
Governments and private organizations have developed car classification schemes that are used for various purposes including regulation, description, and categorization of cars.
The following table summarises the commonly used terms of market segments and legal classifications. Microcars and their Japanese equivalent— kei cars— are the smallest category of automobile. Microcars straddle the boundary between car and motorbike, and are often covered by separate regulations to normal cars, resulting in relaxed requirements for registration and licensing. Engine size is often cc 43 cu in or less, and microcars have three or four wheels.
The predecessors to micro cars are voiturettes and cycle cars. Kei cars have been used in Japan since The smallest category of vehicles that are registered as normal cars is called A-segment in Europe, or "city car" in Europe and the United States. The equivalents of A-segment cars have been produced since the early s. However, the category increased in popularity in the late s when the original Fiat and BMC Mini were released.
The next larger category small cars is called B-segment Europe, supermini in the United Kingdom and subcompact in the United States. The size of a subcompact car is defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA , as having a combined interior and cargo volume of between 85—99 cubic feet 2,—2, L. In Europe and Great Britain, the B-segment and supermini categories do not have any formal definitions based on size.
The largest category of small cars is called C-segment or small family car in Europe, and compact car in the United States. The size of a compact car is defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA , as having a combined interior and cargo volume of — cu ft 2. In Europe, the third-largest category for passenger cars is called D-segment or large family car. In the United States, the equivalent term is mid-size or intermediate cars. The U. Environmental Protection Agency EPA defines a mid-size car as having a combined passenger and cargo volume of — cu ft 3.
In other countries, the equivalent terms are full-size car or large car , which are also used for relatively affordable large cars that aren't considered luxury cars. Minivan is an American car classification for vehicles that are designed to transport passengers in the rear seating row s , have reconfigurable seats in two or three rows. Minivans often have a 'one-box' or 'two-box' body configuration, a high roof, a flat floor, a sliding door for rear passengers, and high H-point seating.
Compact MPVs remain predominantly a European phenomenon, although they are also built and sold in many Latin American and Asian markets. The largest size of minivans is also referred to as 'Large MPV' and became popular following the introduction of the Renault Espace and Dodge Caravan. If the term 'minivan' is used without specifying a size, it usually refers to a Large MPV. The premium compact class also called subcompact executive is the smallest category of luxury cars.
It became popular in the mids, when European manufacturers — such as Audi, BMW, and Mercedes-Benz — introduced new entry-level models that were smaller and cheaper than their compact executive models. A compact executive car is a premium car larger than a premium compact and smaller than an executive car. Compact executive cars are equivalent size to mid-size cars and are part of the D-segment in the European car classification. In North American terms, close equivalents are "luxury compact" [9] [10] [11] [12] and "entry-level luxury car", [13] [14] [15] although the latter is also used for the smaller premium compact cars.
An executive car is a premium car larger than a compact executive and smaller than an full-size luxury car. Executive cars are classified as E-segment cars in the European car classification. In the United States and several other countries, the equivalent categories are full-size car not to be confused with the European category of "full-size luxury car" or mid-size luxury car.
The largest size of a luxury car is known as a luxury saloon in the United Kingdom and a full-size luxury car in the United States. These cars are classified as F-segment cars in the European car classification.
Vehicles in this category are often the flagship models of luxury car brands. Cars that prioritize handling or straight-line acceleration are called sports cars or performance cars. However the term 'sports car' is also sometimes used specifically for lightweight two-seat cars. The definitions for these categories are often blurred and a car may be a member of multiple categories.
Sports cars are designed to emphasize handling, performance, or the thrill of driving. Sports cars originated in Europe in the early s, with one of the first recorded usages of the term "sports car" being in The Times newspaper in the United Kingdom in However, since the s the term has also been used for cars with a fixed roof which were previously considered grand tourers.
A supercar — also called exotic car — is a loosely defined description of certain high-performance sportscars. Since the s or s, the term "hypercar" has come into use for the highest performing supercars. Passenger vehicles with off-road capability or styling features are often categorized as either off-road vehicles, sports utility vehicles, or crossover SUVs.
There are no commonly agreed boundaries between these categories, and usage of the terms varies between countries. The earliest type of passenger vehicle is called an "off-roader", "four-by-four" or "four-wheel drive".
Off-road vehicles usually more focussed on off-road capability than SUVs and Crossover SUVs often compromising their on-road ride quality or handling. A sports utility vehicle SUV combines elements of road-going passenger cars with features from off-road vehicles, such as raised ground clearance and four-wheel drive.
There is no commonly agreed definition of an SUV, and usage varies between countries. Some definitions claim that an SUV must be built on a light-truck chassis. However, a broader definition considers any vehicle with off-road design features as an SUV. In some countries — such as the United States — SUVs have been classified as "light trucks", resulting in more lenient regulations compared to passenger cars.
Most SUVs produced today use unibody construction as per passenger cars. However, in the past, many SUVs used body-on-frame construction. Crossovers are often based on a platform shared with a passenger car, as a result, they typically have better comfort and fuel economy, but less off-road capability many crossovers are sold without all-wheel drive than truck-based SUVs, though more so than passenger cars.
There are various inconsistencies about whether vehicles are considered crossovers or SUVs, therefore the term SUV is often used as a catch-all for both crossovers and SUVs. These classifications can be based on body style e. Government departments often create classification schemes for the purposes of taxation or regulating vehicle usage e.
Some jurisdictions may determine vehicle tax based upon environmental principles, such as the user pays principle. A similar set of classes is used by the Canadian EPA. In the United Kingdom, a vehicle is taxed according to the vehicle's construction, engine, weight, type of fuel and emissions, as well as the purpose for which it is used.
In the United States, since the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety uses a scheme it has developed that takes into account a combination of both vehicle footprint length times width and weight. The United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NHTSA separates vehicles into classes by the curb weight of the vehicle with standard equipment including the maximum capacity of fuel, oil, coolant, and air conditioning , if so equipped.
The United States Federal Highway Administration has developed a classification scheme used for automatically calculating road use tolls.
There are two broad categories depending on whether the vehicle carries passengers or commodities. Vehicles that carry commodities are further subdivided by number of axles and number of units, including both power and trailer units. Passenger vehicles are classified based on a vehicle's total interior passenger and cargo volumes. Trucks are classified based upon their gross vehicle weight rating GVWR. Heavy-duty vehicles are not included within the EPA scheme. Certain cities in the United States in the s chose to exempt electric-powered vehicles because officials believed those vehicles did not cause "substantial wear upon the pavements".
Several other segment descriptions, listed below, are used in North America. Cars from these segments may also be sold in other countries. However, usage of the terms is mostly specific to within North America.
Muscle car is an American term for high-performance cars, usually rear-wheel drive and fitted with a large and powerful V8 engine. The term originated for the s and early s special editions of mass-production cars which were designed for drag racing. Pony car is an American class of automobile launched and inspired by the Ford Mustang in It broke all post-World War II automobile sales records, "creating the 'pony car' craze soon adopted by competitors.
These two door cars prioritized comfort, styling and a high level of interior features. The segment rose to popularity following the success of the Ford Thunderbird, which sold , units.
A sporting version of an affordable compact car or a subcompact car. There is no precise definition and the description is applied for marketing purposes to a wide variety of models. Cars began to be marketed as sport compacts in the mids when it was used for option packages on American-built coupes.
Since then, it has also been used for standalone sports car models and cars imported from Europe and Asia. The European equivalent is a hot hatch. However, sport compacts are not restricted to just hatchback body styles. Several other segment descriptions, listed below, are used in Europe. However, usage of the terms is mostly specific to within Europe.
A grand tourer GT is a car that is designed for high speed and long-distance driving, due to a combination of performance and luxury attributes. The term derives from the Italian language phrase gran turismo which became popular in the English language from the s, evolving from fast touring cars and streamlined closed sports cars during the s. Hot hatch shortened from hot hatchback is a high-performance version of a mass-produced hatchback car.
The term originated in the mids. However, factory high-performance versions of hatchbacks have been produced since the s. Front-mounted petrol engines, together with front-wheel drive, is the most common powertrain layout. However, all-wheel drive has become more commonly used since around Most hot hatches are manufactured in Europe or Asia.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the categorisation of cars according to vehicle regulations or market segments. For types of body styles e.
Automotive industry
According to the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles , in Renault was the ninth biggest automaker in the world by production volume. Renault is known for its role in motor sport , particularly rallying , Formula 1 and Formula E. Its early work on mathematical curve modeling for car bodies is important in the history of computer graphics. While Louis handled design and production, Marcel and Fernand managed the business. The first Renault car, the Renault Voiturette 1CV, was sold to a friend of Louis' father after giving him a test ride on 24 December In , Renault began to manufacture its own engines; until then it had purchased them from De Dion-Bouton.
Alfa Romeo
It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand, and luxury cars under its Lincoln luxury brand. The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family ; they have minority ownership but the majority of the voting power. Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines ; by , these methods were known around the world as Fordism. Ford owned the Swedish automaker Volvo from to Ford is the second-largest U. At the end of , Ford was the fifth largest automaker in Europe.
Self-driving car
A car or automobile is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation. Most definitions of cars say that they run primarily on roads, seat one-to-eight people, have four wheels and mainly transport people rather than goods. Cars came into global use during the 20th century, and developed economies depend on them. The year is regarded as the birth year of the car when German inventor Karl Benz patented his Benz Patent-Motorwagen.
Portal:Cars
A sedan or saloon British English [1] [2] is a passenger car in a three-box configuration with separate compartments for engine, passenger, and cargo. Sedan's first recorded use as a name for a car body was in When a manufacturer produces two-door sedan and four-door sedan versions of the same model, the shape and position of the greenhouse on both versions may be identical, with only the B-pillar positioned further back to accommodate the longer doors on the two-door versions. A sedan chair, a sophisticated litter , was an enclosed box with windows used to transport one seated person. Porters at the front and rear carried the chair with horizontal poles.
Car classification
Car Company Limited was the British sports car manufacturer that made the marque famous. MG cars had their roots in a s sales promotion sideline of Morris Garages , a retail sales and service centre in Oxford belonging to William Morris. A separate M. Car Company Limited was incorporated in July It remained Morris's personal property until 1 July , when he sold it to his holding company, Morris Motors Limited. MG underwent many changes in ownership over the years. MG production restarted in in China. Cecil Kimber joined the dealership as its sales manager in and was promoted to general manager in
List of countries by motor vehicle production
Development started with the invention of the first steam-powered vehicle, [1] which led to the creation of the first steam-powered automobile capable of human transportation, built by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot in Development was hindered in the midth century by a backlash against large vehicles, yet progress continued on some internal combustion engines. The engine evolved as engineers created two- and four-cycle combustion engines and began using gasoline as fuel.
Ford Motor Company
Governments and private organizations have developed car classification schemes that are used for various purposes including regulation, description, and categorization of cars. The following table summarises the commonly used terms of market segments and legal classifications. Microcars and their Japanese equivalent— kei cars— are the smallest category of automobile. Microcars straddle the boundary between car and motorbike, and are often covered by separate regulations to normal cars, resulting in relaxed requirements for registration and licensing. Engine size is often cc 43 cu in or less, and microcars have three or four wheels.
Sedan (automobile)
A motor vehicle , also known as motorized vehicle or automotive vehicle , is a self-propelled vehicle , commonly wheeled , that does not operate on rails such as trains or trams and is used for the transportation of people or cargo. The vehicle propulsion is provided by an engine or motor, usually an internal combustion engine or an electric motor , or some combination of the two, such as hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids. For legal purpose, motor vehicles are often identified within a number of vehicle classes including cars , buses , motorcycles , off-road vehicles , light trucks and regular trucks. These classifications vary according to the legal codes of each country. ISO is the standard for road vehicle types, terms and definitions.
Nissan Motor Co. The company sells its vehicles under the Nissan, Infiniti , and Datsun brands, with in-house performance tuning products including cars labelled Nismo. The company traces back to the beginnings of the 20th century, with the Nissan zaibatsu , now called Nissan Group.
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