Reported speech time expressions change
Toys are strewn around the swing set — Daniel and their husband Brian adopted their three nephews several years ago, and Daniel politely apologizes for the mess. Daniel is a neuroscientist with a Ph. Their project: a mouse model of gender-affirming hormone therapy. Daniel is also a survivor of something that almost took their life, miles away from Michigan, in the small town of San Luis Obispo in California — the town where Daniel was raised. It never bothered Daniel — they were comfortable with themselves. But at school, as far back as Daniel can remember, they felt their differences hanging in the air.
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- Reported Speech
- change into indirect speech answer online
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- Direct and Indirect Speech Set - 3 Multiple Choice Questions
- Direct and Indirect Speech: 4 Rules for Tense Changes in Reported Speech
- Англійська граматика: Reported speech
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Reported Speech
Reported Speech is basically when you want or need to tell a different person or group what somebody else or another group of people said. What often makes this a problem is the fact that the time, perspective, or maybe even the location of the speaker is now different, so we have to make some changes to what we are reporting to that other person.
The dialogue is in Direct Speech. Now, together, we are going to analyze the story of Tom at the Sporting Goods Store. The 2 things to unpack here are number 1 how to turn Direct Speech into Reported Speech, and number 2 to understand the differences in how to use Say and Tell when Reporting Speech.
Therefore, there are a few things that we have to do to make everything clear and understood. Allow me to explain these three concepts, and I will also demonstrate with some examples from the lead story. A clause is a sentence fragment that connects to another sentence fragment to form a complete sentence.
The most common type of clause connects the two pieces with THAT. The Reporting Clause is just a starter clause for our Reported Speech. There are other more specific Reporting Verbs that indicate a few things about the speaker.
You can get a graphic that contains a list of the Reporting Verbs as part of your free study guide here. Observe the following graphic and you can see for yourself. After SAY, there is nothing. However, the difference goes a bit deeper. TELL, is more specific and instructive. If the speaker was giving advice or making a suggestion, we are more likely to use TELL.
The second element of Reported Speech that you need to know is the idea of Perspective Shifts. At the time of the original dialogue that should be reported, that happened in the past.
The perspective of the speakers have shifted. That means we need to shift any necessary pronouns so our audience can keep track of who said what. The second thing to remember about perspective shifts is the idea that time has passed between the time of the original conversation, and the reporting of that conversation.
Have a look at some of the most common instances of Time Expressions and their shifts. The last thing to keep in mind when reporting speech is that the location might often have shifted from the original conversation.
Have a look at the graphic that illustrates the most common location shifts. This shift helps us to put the verb tense in a grammatically correct form, and helps the listener understand the time perspective.
There are 5 main areas to learn if you want to master Reported Speech. These are:. When it comes to tenses, reporting the speech just shifts it back one level. For example, the Present Simple shifts back to the Past Simple. Or the Present Perfect shifts back to the Past Perfect. The final element of Backshift is really about the tense AND a change into how we report questions. Questions are reported as indirect speech. There are 2 kinds of questions we should be aware of and how they are changed.
When it comes to Wh-Questions, we keep the question word and report the sentence as a Relative Clause. You can see examples of both in the graphic below. Reported Speech is an important but difficult element of communicating in English.
It requires a lot of practice in order to master. I hope this post helped to explain everything for you in a clear and visual way for you to understand. Of course, if you need a refresher, you can always come back here and read through again, or watch my YouTube lesson on this very topic. I also recommend you get yourself a good exercise book so that you can practice the grammar on your own.
The book I often use with my Business English students is Grammar for Business, and it has some excellent exercises on Reported Speech, as well as most of the other important grammar elements. And it was made with for adult learners with an emphasis on business.
It is a collection of my diagrams on this topics with the explanations labeled into the diagrams. You can grab that here. You can find it here. And the last thing I promise , is you can check out some of my other posts on English learning here:. And before you go, please share this article to your socials with all your fellow English learning friends. Get a monthly roundoup of Graphic English images, notification of Video English Lessons, and their accompanying Study Guides whenever they are ready.
You must be logged in to post a comment. Skip to content. If you prefer, you can watch the video below, or scroll past it to keep reading. Watch the lesson on youtube! The 3 Elements of Reported Speech. We need to add a reporting clause — He said, He told him that…, and similar starting phrases — in order to indicate who was speaking at the time. The perspective of the dialogue or communication often changes, therefore we also need to change the pronouns from first and second person depending on the situation into the third person singular or plural.
And when Reporting Speech, we typically push the verb tense back to the past or future in the past from what was used in Direct Speech. We call this a backshift. Reporting Verbs give the meaning or intention of the speaker.
Reporting Verbs also give meaning to the overall situation. The difference between say and tell. We tell [somebody] [something] and we simply say [something]. Perspective Shift. Verb Tense Backshifts. Round Up. Final Word. I promise not to spam you. You can unsubscribe at any time. Leave a Reply Cancel reply You must be logged in to post a comment.
change into indirect speech answer online
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Amazon-sponsored artwork that 'learns' debuts at Smithsonian
Do not change the tense if the introductory clause is in Simple Present e. He says. Note, however, that you might have to change the form of the present tense verb 3rd person singular. You must change the tense if the introductory clause is in Simple Past e. He said. This is called backshift. For place and time expressions you have to check whether place and time are the same in direct and reported speech or not. Check out the following example:. It is Friday and you meet James at a restaurant. James tells you that he saw Caroline in this restaurant today.
Direct and Indirect Speech Set - 3 Multiple Choice Questions
Incorrect , Indirect: She says that she will go to school tomorrow. In direct speech, a person's exact words are placed in quotation marks and set off with a comma and a reporting clause or signal phrase, such as "said" or "asked. To translate direct speech into indirect speech, we use certain rules that you should know. All inverted commas or quotation marks are omitted and the sentence ends with a full stop. The imperative mood is changed into the Infinitive.
Direct and Indirect Speech: 4 Rules for Tense Changes in Reported Speech
We handpick and explain the most important climate and energy stories from China over the past seven days. Subscribe for free here. Furthermore, the country produced m tonnes of raw coal in October amid a nationwide production drive, according to its statistics authority. The figure is the highest since March , Reuters said. WHAT: Xi and Biden held a much-anticipated virtual conference earlier this week to address a wide range of topics including climate change. Xi and Biden had already discussed climate issues in a phone call in September.
Англійська граматика: Reported speech
As you know in reported speech we need to change also the time expression. Here is a game for you to practice that. Share Copy copied. You have exceeded the maximum number of activities that can be shared in Google Classroom for your account type. If you want to continue inserting activities in Google Classroom, purchase a Premium Plus or higher account now and enjoy unlimited insertions.
The ongoing effort to ban conversion therapy in Michigan
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Reported Speech: She said she'd been to London three times. There are 10 questions in this quiz. Ice cream sundaes are my favorite! Reported Speech: PowerPoint Presentation.
US President Joe Biden has just become the third president in 20 years to declare or strongly imply that the US would defend Taiwan against an attack from China. He also became the third president to stand corrected by the foreign policy establishment within and outside the government. Bush answered affirmatively when asked whether the US would protect Taiwan. The three-yes response aroused immediate attention in Taipei, Washington and Beijing. We agree However, the pattern presents a perplexing question for Americans and interested foreign observers. Why have presidents of both parties periodically, and emphatically, made slips of the tongue indicating that the US would go to war with China over Taiwan if necessary to save it?
Created on April 4, In bold we have the reporting verbs. These are what we use to introduce what the other person has said.
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