Vacuum tubes era
A vacuum tube, also called a valve in British English , is an electronic device used in many older model radios, television sets, and amplifiers to control electric current flow. The cathode is heated, as in a light bulb , so it will emit electrons. This is called thermionic emission. The anode is the part that accepts the emitted electrons. The device may have other parts.
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Content:
- Topic A: Computer generations
- The Three Basic Generations of Computers
- Vacuum Tube-Era Tech is Ushering in a New Generation of Superfast Devices
- UNIVAC, the first commercially produced digital computer, is dedicated
- The Invention of the Vacuum Tube
- Evolution of Electronics, Diodes, Transistor, and Integrated Circuits
- Vacuum tube facts for kids
- Communications receivers: The vacuum tube era : 50 glorious years, 1932-1981
- VacuumTubeEra
Topic A: Computer generations
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First Generation — vacuum tube 1. First Generation — vacuum tube — John V. Atanasoff designed the first digital electronic computer — Atanasoff and Clifford Berry demonstrate in Nov. Mauchly and J. Norris led Engineering Research Associates to develop the Atlas, based on the secret code-breaking computers used by the Navy in WWII; the Atlas was 38 feet long, 20 feet wide, and used vacuum tubes — S.
Later, a punched card-to-tape machine was added to read IBM column and Remington Rand column cards. The UNIVAC I was used in November to calculate the presidential election returns and successfully predict the winner, although it was not trusted by the TV networks who refused to use the prediction. The first of 23 Direction Centers went online in Nov. The Centers were connected by an early network, and pioneered development of the modem and graphics display.
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The Three Basic Generations of Computers
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Vacuum Tube-Era Tech is Ushering in a New Generation of Superfast Devices
In , the transistor was invented at Bell Laboratories now Lucent Technologies. Like the vacuum tube, the transistor could be used to amplify a signal. Thus, small transistor radios like the radios you see in old TV shows soon replaced the old large, tube-based radios associated with the Golden Age of Radio. But the transistor was also capable of replacing the function of the vacuum tube as an electronic switch. And, in the computer industry as well, replacing vacuum tubes with transistors made computers smaller, less hot, and less expensive. This also enabled computers to become more powerful: with vacuum tubes, engineers were running into spatial limits; with transistors, however, many more circuits and, thus, far more computing power could be put inside a computer. Without this development, countless technologies would have been impossible; for example, the onboard computers required for space travel in the s would not have fit onboard! Over the course of the s and s, transistors became smaller and smaller. Many of the large mainframe computers that had been required to meet the computer needs of a large company were replaced by minicomputers "mini-" having become a pop culture prefix of the s—e. Thus, even smaller companies and institutions who formerly had to share and rent time on a mainframe computer a phenomenon known as timesharing now could afford their own computers!
UNIVAC, the first commercially produced digital computer, is dedicated
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The Invention of the Vacuum Tube
Hull , an American engineer, invented a vacuum tube oscillator called it a magnetron. The magnetron was the first device that could efficiently produce microwaves. Radar, which was developed gradually during the 's and 's, provided the first widespread use of microwaves. The introduction of Vacuum tubes at the beginning of the 20th century was the starting point of the rapid growth of modern electronics. With vacuum tubes manipulation of signals because possible, which could not be done with the early telegraph and telephone circuit or with early transmitters using high voltage sparks to create radio waves. For example, with vacuum tubes weak radio and audio signals could be amplified, and audio signals, such as music or voice, could be superimposed on radio waves.
Evolution of Electronics, Diodes, Transistor, and Integrated Circuits
Upon inspection, engineers diagnosed the cause — a moth had entered the machine, perhaps attracted by the light and heat, and had shorted out relay number 70 of Panel F. The story is so popular that, like any story often told, it has become distorted over the years. The truth is that, well before this incident, these words were often used to refer to the malfunctions of machines, as evidenced by the notes of the inventor Thomas Edison in the s. And there is also no doubt about who was responsible for this: Grace Hopper nee Murray , a mathematician born in New York in , a soldier in the US Navy she would reach the degree of Admiral and a pioneer of information technology. Hopper was the programmer of the Mark II and led the team that found the moth.
Vacuum tube facts for kids
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Communications receivers: The vacuum tube era : 50 glorious years, 1932-1981
RELATED VIDEO: Powering a 1955 IBM 705 Vacuum Tube Logic ModuleA vacuum tube, also called an electron tube, is a sealed-glass or metal-ceramic enclosure used in electronic circuitry to control the flow of electrons between the metal electrodes sealed inside the tubes. The air inside the tubes is removed by a vacuum. Vacuum tubes are used for amplification of a weak current, rectification of an alternating current to direct current AC to DC , generation of oscillating radio-frequency RF power for radio and radar, and more. According to PV Scientific Instruments, "The earliest forms of such tubes appeared in the late 17th century.
VacuumTubeEra
In World War II militaries learned to apply old technologies for new purposes. For example, the chemistry of combustion was used in engines and in rockets and bombs, but that technology went back hundreds of years. Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier was born on this date in He was a great experimenter, and early chemist. He was born into a wealthy aristocratic family, and used his capital to purchase into a private company that the French government hired to collect taxes.
Triodes are tubes which can be used in amplifiers , computers, radio receivers and transmitters and other things. Triodes were later replaced by transistors. This tube has a hot cathode in the center surrounded by a metal grid with the anode surrounding that. The cathode emitts electrons, and in the vacuum electrons freely flow through the grid to the anode.
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