Breadboard series connection of speakers

The LM is a power amplifier, not an operational amplifier. This doesn't matter for the circuit shown, but trying to use it as an op-amp can lead to unwanted results, such as self-oscillation. Thank you! Post a Comment. Overview In breadboard basics 1 , we looked at how a breadboard is structured. In this post, we are going to look at how to move from a schematic to a breadboard, and the step-by-step decisions that would be involved in doing so.

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Content:

• BreadBoard Speaker Circuit
• Circuit Symbols
• Arduino Synth Modules
• Lab: Digital Input and Output with an Arduino
• TEA2025B 2.0 Stereo Dual Channel 3W+3W Audio Amplifier Board AMP 12V CAR
• LET'S MAKE a PORTABLE SPEAKER ON a BREADBOARD
• LM386 Audio Amplifier Circuit
• Subscribe to RSS
• How to Connect 2 Speakers to 1 Amplifier

WATCH RELATED VIDEO: Building a series parallel circuit

BreadBoard Speaker Circuit

In this two part Instructable we take you through the process of using a "solderless breadboard" to prototype an electronic circuit. Once we are happy that the circuit works we'll use the same components in a subsequent Instructable and solder the circuit on stripboard - sometimes called veroboard - to create a more robust, permanent circuit, without having to shell out or spend the time designing a printed circuit board.

We'll go through some techniques for soldering on stripboard that should make your life easier too. We decided a little portable amplified speaker you can use with your phone or MP3 player would be a great circuit to build, since it may well come in handy You may well be wondering what a "Breadboard" is and why, of all things, it would find its way into an electronics project.

Nowadays solderless breadboards, to use their full title, generally consist of a plastic board with a grid of holes arranged either side of a central channel. The advantage they provide is that components can be plugged in or removed, or replaced, or swapped. It's this ability to edit and experiment with circuits relatively quickly and without involving solder that makes breadboards so great. We'll talk about how breadboards work shortly. For now let's have a look at the schematic and get our parts together.

At the center of the schematic we have the single "integrated circuit" , or IC used in this circuit. This particular IC, LM, is specifically designed to be used in audio amplifiers.

We've drawn it here as it appears in real life, so you can see which of the 8 legs is which. Notice how the numbers start on the top left, beside the notch and count up as you go counter clockwise. This is generally how the pins on ICs are numbered. The triangle in the middle is the schematic symbol for something called an operational amplifier. This will do the job of taking a small voltage waveform coming from your headphone jack and boosting it to a higher power waveform capable of driving a small speaker.

Look at the line from LM, pin 1. It connects to one end of C1, a component that has a symbol with a flat line and a curved line.

That's the symbol for an electrolytic capacitor. The curved line is the negative end of the capacitor and the flat one is the positive end. This capacitor has a capacitance value of 10uF or ten micro-Farads. If you follow the lines you'll see that the negative end is connected to pin 8 of the LM Now look at the line coming from pin 6 Vs.

You'll see that this line intersects another line and we've drawn a blob or dot called a "junction" over that point to show they are connected electrically. Just below this you'll see that these two lines have a bridge shape where they jump another line coming from pin 5. That bridge shape shows that they are not connected.

Sometimes schematics don't include this bridge shaped bit. In that case, when two lines cross you have to assume that they are not electrically connected unless that junction symbol is present to show that they are.

As we build the circuit on the breadboard we will highlight the parts of the circuit we are working on. Successful prototyping is all about breaking circuits down into manageable chunks. The order in which we'll build this circuit is how we would normally approach breadboarding a circuit of this size and complexity. The fastest way to really understand how a breadboard works is to peel back a little section of the adhesive backing on the underside.

You will be able to see the strips of metal that act as both electrical conductors and clips. If you orient your breadboard as shown you will have 2 rows of 30 vertical columns either side of a central channel. Each of these columns contains 5 holes, which are all connected electrically. For example, holes a,b,c,d, and e in column 30 are all connected. If you want to connect leads from two components, you simply put the leg of one component in one hole in a column, and the leg of the other component in another hole in the same column.

The columns are not connected across the channel , meaning that holes a,b,c,d,e in column 30 are not connected to holes f,g,h,i,j. The purpose of this channel is to let us insert ICs across the channel to avoid electrically connecting any of the pins to another pin. The holes in the middle part of the board are not connected in the horizontal direction. For example hole 30a is not connected to hole 31a In these rows the holes are all connected in the horizontal direction, but not in the vertical direction.

These longer horizontal strips are intended to be used as convenient rails for the power sources in your circuit, but you can use them for other purposes.

In fact, we will be using one of them to carry the output signal to the speaker. Take a moment to look at the picture above. You can see that I've used a small red wire to connect one of those horizontal power rails to one of the pins on the IC at column On the other side of the channel, I've used a small blue wire to connect the minus power rail to another pin in column I've also inserted a small red wire that joins column 17 and column Electrically speaking this is exactly the same as connecting column 15 to the blue power rail above, or even the one on the bottom of the board, since they are already connected by the longer blue wire to the right of the board.

Looking at the schematic we can work out what components we will need and make a list. We can call that list a "Bill Of Materials" or B. We'll start by placing the IC, designating some rows for our ground and positive voltage rails, and making sure the IC is appropriately connected to these power rails. I have taken the liberty of highlighting the particular parts of the circuit we are about to build. You can see this on the schematic and also on the breadboard, where I have highlighted the terminal rows involved in any particular connection.

Hopefully this will clarify what is connected to what. Now we're going to add capacitor C1 across pins 1 and 8 of the IC.

According to the datasheet for the LM placing a 10uF capacitor across these pins bypasses a resistor within the IC and sets the gain of the amplifier higher; experiment with taking this capacitor out and plugging it back in again later on to hear the effect.

Now we're going to add the connections and components that will get our amplified signal to the speaker. We need to do some things to output signal to make it sound nicer and also to make sure the signal won't damage the speaker. C3 lets unwanted high frequencies bleed through direct to ground rather than passing through the speaker. You can experiment later on by removing C3 or R1 to hear what the effect of this "low pass filter" has. C4, on the other hand allows frequencies above a certain point to pass onwards to the speaker, but blocks continuous DC from flowing through the speaker.

DC can damage speakers and other audio equipment. The idea behind tinning is that it ensures that the solder has a good bond with the metal of the wire and the thing you soldering the wire onto. Stranded wire, in particular, benefits from tinning as it will stop the strands from fraying as you try to work with them and it ensures the solder is distributed between all the little strands.

It also allows you to plug stranded wire, which is more flexible than solid core, into your breadboard. That potentiometer is being used as a " voltage divider ". The signal, which is a voltage waveform comes from the tip and ring of the jack through the yellow wires to the clockwise pin of the potentiometer.

The voltage divider formed by the potentiometer leaves us with some fraction of the input voltage at the wiper pin. The size of that fraction depends on the position of the knob We could have used a "linear" potentiometer here, but when dealing with volume controls in audio we use audio taper pots which have a logarithmic position to resistance relationship.

Because we perceive sound on a logarithmic scale. So what sounds to us like a linear change in volume is in reality a logarithmic change in sound pressure. If you have a 10K linear potentiometer it would say B10K rather than A10K you can give it a more logarithmic sounding response by soldering a 68K resistor between the counterclockwise and wiper pins.

Finally, all we have to do is plug in our battery and plug in an MP3 player or phone to test the circuit out. Not working right? Don't panic. Troubleshooting is a fact of life in electronics, and is the main reason for prototyping circuits on a breadboard. In all likelihood, if somethings wrong it will be a misplaced component here or there.

To make the process more straightforward it's best to break things down into some distinct troubleshooting steps. If you had to do some troubleshooting, you'll hopefully appreciate just how useful breadboards are.

In the follow up Instructable we'll be soldering this circuit on stripboard. Troubleshooting a stripboard circuit is a bit more tricky and frustrating. This dry run on a breadboard should help with understanding the circuit. We'll use a nifty trick in the next Instructable to help us avoid missteps and errors.

Any particular benefit to the technique you used? I'm pretty new to this stuff, and it took me a bit to wrap my head around how that was working, so just curious :. Reply 9 months ago.

C3 and R1 is a standard Zobel filter that aids in stability and to minimise the possibility of parasitic oscillation, and damp the capacitor reactance of the speaker cables. This is how an Instructable should be presented, well done and part 2 is just as good. Tried to make this one work, must be doing something right because i get sound out from the speaker, but its just a constant, loud beep and i cant seem to lower nor raise the volume of the beep.

When I try and play some music from a phone it "crashes" with the beep. Any idea why that happens? Question 3 years ago. You explain all the things, so that everyone can keep up!

Reply 4 years ago. Always delighted to add a couple of percentage points of knowledge! We thought it might be a good idea to give some tips for troubleshooting and some useful but not too heavy info about how this circuit works.

Circuit Symbols

Arduino Synth Modules. It includes arduino based battery charger, arduino based thermostat, arduino based weather station, Breadboard Arduino and more projects. You can tweak the contrast later if needed. This simple microcontroller board lets artists and designers build a variety of amazing … - Selection from Arduino Cookbook [Book].

Arduino Synth Modules

Though this is written for the Arduino microcontroller module, the principles apply to any microcontroller. Digital input and output are the most fundamental physical connections for any microcontroller. To get the most out of this lab, you should be familiar with the following concepts and you should install the Arduino IDE on your computer. You can check how to do so in the links below:. Click on any image for a larger view. The video Video: Digital Output covers the same material as this lab. Connect power and ground on the breadboard to power and ground from the microcontroller.

Lab: Digital Input and Output with an Arduino

Packaging should be the same as what is found in a retail store, unused, mini speakers. Product Name: 2. Specification: Desktop speakers amplifier board. See the seller's listing for full details.

TEA2025B 2.0 Stereo Dual Channel 3W+3W Audio Amplifier Board AMP 12V CAR

The objective of this lab activity is to measure the impedance profile and the resonate frequency of a permanent magnet loudspeaker. The chief electrical characteristic of a dynamic loudspeaker is its electrical impedance as a function of frequency. It can be visualized by plotting it as a graph, called the impedance curve. The most common type of loudspeaker is an electro-mechanical transducer using a voice coil connected to a diaphragm or cone. The voice coil in moving coil loudspeakers is suspended in a magnetic field provided by a permanent magnet. As electric current flows through the voice coil, from an audio amplifier, the electro-magnetic field created by the current in the coil reacts against the permanent magnet's fixed field and moves the voice coil also the cone.

LET'S MAKE a PORTABLE SPEAKER ON a BREADBOARD

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LM386 Audio Amplifier Circuit

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RELATED VIDEO: Series parallel combination circuit on a bread board

It is a very low cost audio amplifier and can power any speaker. For the cost and size of the circuit, the sound from the LM Audio Amplifier can be adequately loud. The main problem with these circuits is noise and interference. The noise from the Amplifier Circuit designed in this project is considerably less and if designed on a proper circuit board, this will make a great Audio Amplifier. The Audio Amplifier using LM is a low power circuit that can deliver a maximum power of 1 Watt 1W and can be used in a wide range of applications like portable speakers, laptop speakers, etc.

How to Connect 2 Speakers to 1 Amplifier

Circuit symbols are used in circuit diagrams showing how a circuit is connected together. The actual layout of the components is usually quite different from the circuit diagram. To build a circuit you need a different diagram showing the layout of the parts on breadboard for temporary circuits , stripboard or printed circuit board. A 'blob' should be drawn where wires are connected joined , but it is sometimes omitted. Wires connected at 'crossroads' should be staggered slightly to form two T-junctions, as shown on the right. In complex diagrams it is often necessary to draw wires crossing even though they are not connected.

Components in parallel are placed next to each other and they share electric contact points. The electricity flows along each path through the components that are arranged in parallel. In contrast, components in series follow one after another.