Common cathode trio de amplifier

In the beginning the vacuum tube was the only way to amplify, and valves or 'tubes' survive to this day, with a dedicated following of 'believers' who are convinced that the development of the transistor or indeed, any semiconductor was fundamentally a bad idea. This is not a discussion I intend to follow - I intend simply to state how these devices amplify a signal, and the factors that determine voltage and current gain. The basic amplifying valve there are many different types with higher complexity has three elements. These are When a positive voltage is applied to the anode with respect to the cathode, an electron stream is emitted from the cathode and flows to the anode, completing the circuit.

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• US2814772A - Electrical circuits using cold-cathode triode valves - Google Patents
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• ~ un bypassed Cathode Calculator ~
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• Rf Parts 3cx800a7
• Triode common-cathode amplifier calculator
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• US5859565A - Cathode-follower high-fidelity power amplifier - Google Patents

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US2814772A - Electrical circuits using cold-cathode triode valves - Google Patents

Goulding, Deep River, Ontario, Canada, as-. The invention resides in an amplifier circuit comprising a cold-cathode triode valve. By amplifier circuit is meant a circuit having a continuous characteristic as distinct from a circuit having a switching characteristic.

The amplifier circuit of the invention may be incorporated in an electrical circuit to provide voltage stabilisation facilities. Thus, a low power source may be used to switch a high power source into some suitable load. Typical cases of the use of a valve in this manner are provided by photo-cell controlled devices in which the photo-cell is used to control a current flowing into the grid of the cold cathode valve causing it to strike and pass a current suiilcient to operate an electromagnetic relay having contacts to close an electrical circuit and possibly operate a motor.

By means of the invention the usefulness of coldcathode triode valves is substantially extended. The switching characteristic of the cold-cathode valve is utilized and it is arranged that self-repetitive or oscillatory switching conditions are set up and the frequency of this switching is controlled by the size of the input signal to the trigger grid of the cold-cathode triode valve. A further step in the invention comprises the use of the reference voltage provided by the trigger grid striking potential so that the type of amplifier disclosed above may function in a parallel voltage stabiliser.

In this arrangement the quality of stabilisation depends, amongst other things, on the stability of the reference voltage and with the recent development of cold-cathode triode valves having keep-alive electrodes improved stability may be obtained. The invention is further described with reference to the embodiments disclosed in the drawings wherein Fig. A condenser 7, connected as shown, is selected to be large enough to ensure firing of the triode 5 when the voltage at grid 3 reaches or exceeds its striking value.

The H. Each time the valve conducts a condenser 10 discharges through it and a resistor 11 is provided to limit the current to a safe value. As the current passing through resistor 9 is inadequate to maintain the discharge in the tube, condenser 10 recharges through resistor 9 to the H. A condenser 12 is provided which is large compared with condenser 10, to average out the pulses of current through resistor 9. The condition that the anode voltage should recover to the H.

The characteristics of the amplifier described above are shown in the graph of Fig. Graph 14 is obtained with a higher value of resistor 9 than used for graph 13 and graph 15 is obtained with a yet higher value of resistor 9. The point 16 is the striking voltage of the tube. The point 16 is subject to statistical variation depending upon chance ionisation of the gas in valve 5.

As mentioned above the stability is improved by the use of a valve, such as a VX , having a keep-alive electrode. Alternatively the stability may be improved by the use of a rectifier 17 and resistor 18 shown dotted in Fig. When this discharge quenches, the trigger grid 3 rises relatively rapidly towards the H. Before the anode of rectifier 17 reaches the trigger grid striking voltage the trigger grid has reached its striking voltage and a small discharge from grid to cathode ensues so that the grid passes a small steady current which is insufiicient to strike the main discharge but is sufiicient to produce definite ionisation to eliminate unstable firing of the tube.

The rectifier 17, preferably of the selenium miniature type, has a high reverse resistance, this being necessary in view of the value of resistor 18 which is of the order of megohms.

Smaller values of resistor 18 are not permissible as the steady current flowing in the grid would cause the valve to fire independently of the applied voltage. Operation of the circuit of Fig. Adjustment of the stabilised voltage in this type of stabiliser may be carried out by altering the comparison voltage or altering the reference voltage.

By using a cold-cathode triode in a parallel-voltage stabiliser arrangement the striking voltage of the triode may be used as the reference voltage. The circuit shown in Fig. Component sizes are shown in brackets in the description. In Fig. The valve 19 has connected to it an anode load resistance 24 l M , a keep-alive current path including resistor 25 M , a striking grid input connection 26 from a point in a potentiometer chain comprising resistor 27 50 M , resistor 28 M and potentiometer 29 between a volt line 30 and the earth line A series resistor 32 20 M is provided in the H.

The input is made between terminals 34, 3'5 and the stabilised output is taken from terminals 36, 3'7. The valve 19 adjusts its mean current to such a value that the voltage drop across resistor 32 is just sufficient to maintain the output voltage at a constant value in the manner well-known with parallel stabilisers.

The cathode of valve 19 is returned to the volt line and facilities for changing the output voltage are provided, by returning the chain of resistors 27, 28 to an adjustable voltage. Condensers Condenser 40 pf. Input terminals 42, 43 and output terminals 44, 45 are provided together with a series resistor 46 and a chain of resistors 47, 4S and The resistor 43 is adjustable and, together with other resistors of the chain, allows variation of the proportion of the output voltage fed back to effect adjustment of the output stabilised voltage.

Stabili'sers according to the invention have a very useful application where the current through the stabiliser is of the order of micro-amps and the output voltage is less than volts, but this is not the limit of their useful range.

A circuit such as that disclosed in Fig. The facility of easy adjustment of voltage over a small range avoids any difficulties due to variations in voltage from valve to valve. The ability of the circuit to maintain its performance down to currents of a few micro-amps assists in reducing wastage in power which is important in portable battery driven apparatus. In distinction to corona stabiliser tubes the stabiliser of the invention provides an output voltage that may be varied over a small range whilst maintaining a low output impedance.

An amplifier circuit comprising a cold-cathode triode valve, a high tension source therefor, a trigger electrode input circuit and a condenser connected to be dischargeable between anode and cathode of said valve and chargeable through a resistance from the high tension source, the resistance being of a size to prevent continuous discharge through said valve and the time-constant of said resistance and condenser being less than the time-constant of the input circuit to the trigger electrode of said valve, and means comprising a condenser between high tension positive and high tension negative for demodulating the frequency-modulated current through the valve to derive an amplified direct current output signal of a magnitude changing in dependence upon said input signal level.

Improvements in or relating to electrical circuits using trigger cold-cathode valves. USA en. GBA en. Improvements in or relating to electric circuits including electron discharge devices having at least one secondary emissive electrode.

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No extras. Design of a Triode Amplifier Now we shall design an amplifier from square one and see how it stands up to a practical test. Since this comprises two triodes in a single envelope, we shall only need to use one of them, at least initially. It would be nice if the design of an electronic circuit could be carried out merely by using a set of formulae into which we inserted the required parameters for performance, and out came all the component values!

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Goulding, Deep River, Ontario, Canada, as-. The invention resides in an amplifier circuit comprising a cold-cathode triode valve. By amplifier circuit is meant a circuit having a continuous characteristic as distinct from a circuit having a switching characteristic. The amplifier circuit of the invention may be incorporated in an electrical circuit to provide voltage stabilisation facilities. Thus, a low power source may be used to switch a high power source into some suitable load. Typical cases of the use of a valve in this manner are provided by photo-cell controlled devices in which the photo-cell is used to control a current flowing into the grid of the cold cathode valve causing it to strike and pass a current suiilcient to operate an electromagnetic relay having contacts to close an electrical circuit and possibly operate a motor. By means of the invention the usefulness of coldcathode triode valves is substantially extended. The switching characteristic of the cold-cathode valve is utilized and it is arranged that self-repetitive or oscillatory switching conditions are set up and the frequency of this switching is controlled by the size of the input signal to the trigger grid of the cold-cathode triode valve.

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Year of fee payment : 4. Year of fee payment : 8. Year of fee payment : A cathode-follower power output stage is driven by a novel drive stage to provide with low distortion the large signal required to drive the output stage. The drive stage comprises two series connected vacuum tubes which share the large static and dynamic voltages of the drive stage so as to provide a drive signal having a large voltage swing, without generating audible distortion and without subjecting the drive stage tubes to excessively high voltages.

Rf Parts 3cx800a7

The voltage and current relations in the triode for both anode and grid are of importance along with figures like triode amplification factor, the anode or plate resistance and the transconductance. All of these give an understanding of the performance of a particular triode vale or triode vacuum tube. The number of electrons that reach the anode of a triode valve or vacuum tube under space charge limited conditions is primarily governed by the electrostatic field in the cathode grid region. Once the electrons have passed through the grid they travel on towards the anode very rapidly and space charge effects can normally be ignored, especially to a first approximation which is normally good enough for most calculations. The critical area of the triode valve is within the cathode grid space.

Triode common-cathode amplifier calculator

User Name Stay logged in? Can a dual triode use a common cathode resistor? I'm working on the layout of my circuit and noticed that its getting crowded on the tube socket. Then I thought, "I wonder if I can use a common cathode resistor. The cathodes of each triode are pins 3 and 6. Can I connect pin 3 to pin 6, then use a common cathode resistor and bypass cap see attachment? If so, do I use the same value resistor e. This is the first amp I've ever "designed" by myself.

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Claims priority, application Great Britain January 25, 3 Claims. This invention relates to means for indicating the logarithmic value of a magnitude and it relates particularly but not exclusively to means for indicating the output of a radio receiver or the like on a logarithmic scale, for example, for the purpose of programme monitoring. The object of the invention is to provide improved means for indicating the logarithmic value of a magnitude.

US5859565A - Cathode-follower high-fidelity power amplifier - Google Patents

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The sound of a valve amp cranked nice and loud is synonymous with rock and guitar heritage. Valve technology was predominately found in televisions and radios from the mid to the late 20 th Century, transistor technology advanced and took its place. That being said, guitar amplifiers remained married to valves due to the unique feel and tone they produce. Similar to the construction of an old-fashioned lightbulb, a valve is a collection of different elements together in a vacuum, cased in a glass cover. One of the elements, the Cathode, is heated and electrons electricity flow from this end to the high voltage Anode on the other end.

The Gretsch Chet Atkins amplifier has a unique architecture: an active 12AX7 mixer driven by independent channels, each in turn having separate bass and treble channels that drive a passive mixer. This article focuses on these aspects of the design. It also derives a formula for the gain of the active mixer. Unlike that vast majority of guitar amplifiers, the Gretsch Chet Atkins uses the two triodes of a 12AX7 to drive bass and treble controls independently. Each triode forms a traditional common-cathode voltage amplifier. The treble channel preamp is as shown here. The coupling capacitor driving the bass control is large enough to act as a short circuit for all audio frequencies.

An electronic amplifier , amplifier , or informally amp is an electronic device that increases the power of a signal. It does this by taking energy from a power supply and controlling the output to match the input signal shape but with a larger amplitude. In this sense, an amplifier modulates the output of the power supply.