Tok pisin number of speakers
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Preserving Papua New Guinea’s 850 Languages
When laborers from the Pacific islands who spoke many different languages worked side-by-side on sugar plantations in Queensland , Australia, they did not have a common language. As a result, they developed an English-based pidgin which also borrowed words from Portuguese and German , as well as from various Austronesian languages.
When the plantation workers returned to their homelands, they brought the new pidgin with them. It is the first language of people residing in mixed urban areas who pass it on to their children, and the second language of over 4 million people country-wide. Until recently, English was the official language of education in PNG, although Tok Pisin was widely used in community and church-run pre-schools and vocational schools.
Today, however, communities can choose the language for use in the first three years of elementary education. Many choose Tok Pisin. The language is widely used in mass media and religious services. There are dialect variations in Tok Pisin between New Guinea lowlands, highlands, and the islands characterized by differences in grammar and vocabulary.
Some varieties show more English influence than others. Tok Pisin has a relatively simple sound system with a smaller inventory of phonemes than English on which it was originally based. Tok Pisin has five vowel phonemes, i. Tok Pisin has 16 consonants. When English words are borrowed into Tok Pisin, consonants are often dropped, especially at the end of words, e. The grammar of Tok Pisin is similar to that of Bislama. There are no inflections but reduplication is very common, serving many different purposes.
How difficult is it to learn Tok Pisin? There is no data on Tok Pisin in terms of difficulty for speakers of English. Toggle navigation. Tok Pisin Welkam — Welcome. Language Difficulty. Languages A-Z. Select Language.
Tibetic Languages. Tok Pisin. Arabic Egyptian Spoken. Arabic Levantine. Arabic Modern Standard. Arabic Moroccan Spoken. Arabic Overview. Bashkort Bashkir. Haitian Creole. Hawaiian Creole. Indonesian Bahasa Indonesia. Irish Gaelic. Malay Bahasa Melayu. Mandarin Chinese. Afro Asiatic Language Family. Algic Language Family.
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Indo-European Language Family. Indo-Iranian Branch. International Languages. Iroquoian Language Family. Khoisan Language Family. Language Isolates. Mayan Language Family. NaDene Language Family. Niger-Congo Language Family. Nilo-Saharan Language Family. Oto-Manguean Language Family. Pidgin Languages. Romance Branch. Semitic Branch. Sino-Tibetan Language Family. Siouan Language Family. Slavic Branch.
Tai-Kadai Language Family. Tibeto-Burmese Branch. Tungusic Languages. Turkic Branch. Uralic Language Family. Uto-Aztecan Language Family. Related Topics.
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Translation of "tok pisin" in Chinese
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Language Centre Resources
Melanesia is one of the most linguistically diverse areas of the world, with over separate languages spoken. In other areas of the Pacific, Europeans learned the local language to carry on trading, but they couldn't do so in Melanesia because of the large number of languages. So they tried to use simplified English and a lot of mime. As a result, many Melanesians picked up a bit of English -- but because of their limited exposure,they learned mainly vocabulary and not grammatical rules. Their versions of English were highly influenced by their own first languages and simpler in comparison: a small vocabulary, few grammatical rules and inflections, and regularity in what rules there were. When the recruiting and in some cases kidnapping of islands labourers for plantations in Queensland began in , many Melanesians found themselves literally in the same boat. The only common language they had was the simplified English they had learned, so they used that to communicate with each other on the ships and later on the plantations. With continued use, norms began to emerge and a stable pidgin language started to develop -- early Melanesian Pidgin.
Pidgin Languages: The Evolution and Examples of a Pidgin Language
National Library of Australia. Search the catalogue for collection items held by the National Library of Australia. Find out more Bajao, Elpie.
The Language "Tok Pisin" in Papua New Guinea. English in the Pacific and the Indian Ocean
All of them. Papua New Guinea - Languages. The languages are from two sources. Papua Guinea e Re. Two pidgins grew up in this area; Tok Pisin based on English and Hiri Motu based on the local Motu language , both of which are official languages. Ethnologue's 14th edition lists languages of Papua New Guinea and languages of Western New Guinea, total languages, with 12 languages overlapping.
Learn Tok Pisin
Languages are ever changing, mixing and mutating, and sometimes they give birth to new ones. Sanskrit gave birth to Hindi and others; Latin is ancestor to a set of languages including Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian; more recently, Afrikaans came from Dutch. But how about English? What will it give birth to? Three important factors linguists have identified in languages giving birth to other languages are time, separation, and contact. All languages change with time, as speakers innovate and economise and each generation reanalyses what it received from its forebears. This does not quickly make a new language, but it can over time; Latin went through this to become Italian, but Shakespearean English and modern English are still seen as two versions of the same language, as are Ancient Greek and modern Greek.
General Background Information 2. Linguistic Features of Tok Pisin 4. Media 7.
The island has around one thousand languages, an estimated one fifth of world's total. Many have fewer than 5, speakers and some less than Although some languages exhibit features that resemble those of Austronesian languages, most are classified as Non-Austronesian, or Papuan languages. Tok Pisin is an English based creole with 50, first language, 2,, second language speakers. The native language of some people in mixed urban areas. The main means of communication between speakers of different languages.
Global warming made us reconsider a lot of things. It is true that humans affect each other, but we sometimes forget that our interactions with nature and the world around us will also have consequences. This is why it is up to us to figure out whether or not we should continue exploring the world. If our exploration leads to the destruction of the world, then maybe it is better to let things be. We have to ask ourselves whether knowing that they exist is enough or do we need to interfere with them to gain more insight.
Access options available:. Dutton, and Suzanne Romaine. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, ISBN
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