Hearing amplifiers target locations
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- Walgreens now sell hearing aids in select stores
- PSAPs vs Hearing Aids: An Electroacoustic Analysis of Performance and Fitting Capabilities
- Over-the-Counter Hearing Aids: A Lost Decade for Change
- Denmark targets iPhone generation to keep edge in hearing aids
- Hearing Aids or Hearing Amplifiers: Which One Is Right for You?
- Hearing Aids at Target
Walgreens now sell hearing aids in select stores
Hearing aids sold directly to consumers in retail stores or through the internet, without individual prescription by audiological professionals, are termed over-the-counter OTC devices. This study aimed to determine whether there was any change in the electroacoustic characteristics of OTC devices compared to research carried out a decade earlier. The previous results indicated that most OTC devices were low-frequency-emphasis devices and were unsuitable for elderly people with presbycusis, who were likely to be the major consumers of these products.
Ten OTC devices were selected and their electroacoustic performance was measured. Appropriate clients for the OTC devices were derived, using four linear prescription formulae, and OTC suitability for elderly persons with presbycusis was investigated.
OTC electroacoustic characteristics were similar to those in the earlier study. Most OTC devices were not acoustically appropriate for potential consumers with presbycusis. Although several of the devices could match prescriptive targets for individuals with presbycusis, their poor electroacoustic performance—including ineffective volume control function, high equivalent input noise, and irregular frequency response—may override their potential benefit.
The low-cost OTC devices were generally not suitable for the main consumers of these products, and there has been little improvement in the appropriateness of these devices over the past decade. Hearing aids that are sold directly to consumers in retail shops or through the internet, without customized prescription by audiological professionals, are termed over-the-counter OTC hearing aids [ 1 , 2 ].
People who purchase OTC hearing aids do not receive the potential benefits provided by professional service, which include audiological assessment, counseling, hearing aid selection, hearing aid fitting, and hearing aid orientation. Without any prior audiological assessment, unnecessary amplification or delay in diagnosis of otologic problems may result [ 3 ]. In many developed economies, the sale of hearing aids is regulated. For example, in the United States, the provision of hearing aids is under the regulation of the United States Food and Drug Administration.
Only licensed hearing healthcare professionals can provide hearing aids. Purchasers have to show a recent medical statement proving that they are hearing aid candidates or sign a waiver stating that they declined medical evaluation of their hearing loss before receiving the hearing aids [ 4 ]. These regulations intend to protect hearing aid users from any undiagnosed ear disorders and inappropriate amplification [ 3 ].
However, in numerous jurisdictions, there is no regulation of hearing aid sales, and this is the case in Hong Kong, as in many Asian localities. In Hong Kong, OTC hearing aids can be purchased in rehabilitation aid shops, electrical appliance stores, and general department stores and through the internet. An informal survey conducted in Hong Kong by Cheng [ 5 ] indicated that customers who purchased OTC hearing aids were primarily elderly people.
The main reason for purchasing OTC hearing devices is probably their low cost as they are more affordable than conventional custom hearing aids. Cost has been noted to be a major barrier to hearing aid use amongst elderly people in Hong Kong [ 7 ]. Presbycusis is a very common problem in the elderly population in both developed and developing countries [ 9 ].
In Hong Kong, it was estimated that the prevalence of presbycusis with moderate to profound hearing loss was The common pattern of presbycusis is high frequency hearing loss and the degree of sensorineural hearing loss generally ranges from mild to moderately severe [ 12 — 15 ]. Elderly people are likely to be the major users of OTC hearing aids. However, previous literature indicates that the quality of the OTC hearing aids and their effectiveness in matching the amplification needs of elderly people with presbycusis may be questionable.
Linear amplification has an advantage in preserving the natural loudness difference in input signals. However, it is not suitable to people with sensorineural hearing loss who have recruitment [ 16 ]. Quiet sounds may not have enough gain while loud sounds may have too much gain and it is impractical for users to adjust a volume control continuously in order to maintain an appropriate gain in an acoustically dynamic environment.
In addition, Cheng and McPherson [ 2 ] found that the volume control range was limited in some OTC hearing aids, making it difficult to adjust gain to appropriate levels. The peak clipping system associated with linear hearing aids also causes distortion to high level input signals [ 2 ]. Most of the low-cost OTC hearing aids investigated in previous studies were low-frequency emphasis hearing aids with little gain or even no gain in high frequencies [ 1 , 2 ].
Therefore, the OTC hearing aids tested are not suitable for elderly people with presbycusis, who typically have high-frequency, sloping hearing loss [ 12 — 15 ]. Speech understanding for individuals with presbycusis is not likely to be improved with low-frequency-emphasis hearing devices since consonants may remain inaudible with little gain, and amplified low-frequency background noise upwardly masks higher frequency sounds.
In addition, overamplified low-frequency sounds may cause a perception of increased noise and potentially be harmful to residual hearing [ 1 , 2 ]. Both sound quality and speech intelligibility may be degraded with this type of response and the likelihood of feedback will also increase [ 16 ]. EIN is the internal electronic noise of the hearing aid and it becomes audible and disturbing if it is too high [ 17 ].
As a result, some OTC hearing aids can generate internal noise that is perceptible to users. THD reflects the amount of harmonic distortion generated by a hearing aid [ 16 ]. Cheng and McPherson [ 1 , 2 ] reported that the sampled OTC hearing aids could generally be turned to maximum output without feedback. However, this was probably related to their poor high frequency amplification characteristics and also because the hearing devices tested at that time were mainly body worn and had a long feedback path [ 2 ].
The electroacoustic performance of some higher cost OTC hearing aids may be more suitable to people with presbycusis [ 1 , 18 ]. Previously studied low-cost OTC hearing aids generally were incapable of providing sufficient appropriate gain to elderly people with presbycusis and their overall electroacoustic performance was not satisfactory [ 1 , 2 ].
However, these studies were conducted over 14 years ago in Hong Kong and 6 years ago in North America. The performance of OTC devices may be improved with advancing technologies and nowadays such instruments may be more suitable for elderly consumers.
The present study aimed to determine whether there was any change in the electroacoustic characteristics of OTC hearing aids available in Hong Kong over the past decade. The electroacoustic performance of the current generation of OTC hearing aids in Hong Kong was examined. In addition, the study also aimed to determine the potential client groups for the OTC hearing aids and whether recent OTC hearing aids are appropriate for elderly people with presbycusis.
The results obtained may have important implications for those who plan to purchase OTC hearing aids and for audiologists and other hearing health professionals advising patients with hearing impairment.
Ten low-cost OTC hearing aids were investigated in present study. Selection was based on their wide availability to consumers in rehabilitation aid stores, electrical appliance shops and department stores in Hong Kong. The study had three aspects: 1 Measurement of the electroacoustic performance of the OTC hearing aids.
Both 2-cc coupler measurement and simulated real-ear measurement were conducted to examine the performance of the OTC hearing aids; 2 Estimation of the hearing loss that could be appropriately fitted with the OTC hearing aids using four prescriptive formulae.
The NAL-R formula was selected because this formula is a relatively widely used method among linear prescriptive formulae [ 1 ]. It was used in both Hong Kong [ 2 ] and North American [ 1 ] research. Moreover, the NAL-R formula was designed for fitting amplification to people with mild to moderately severe hearing loss, so that it is appropriate for fitting people with typical presbycusis hearing loss configurations [ 19 ].
Therefore, there were thirteen testing conditions in the present study. Each OTC hearing aid was provided with, on average, three stock ear domes of different sizes by the manufacturer. The outer diameter of the domes ranged from 0. To standardize the measurements, domes with outer diameter of 1. An HA-1 coupler was used in the 2-cc coupler measurement, as an HA-1 coupler is recommended to measure hearing aids with attached molds [ 1 , 20 ].
KEMAR measures provide similar acoustic characteristics to measurement on a real person because the manikin can provide pinna, head, and torso effects; also it can simulate the impedance characteristics of the real ear, which changes with frequency [ 21 ]. Using KEMAR in measurements also avoids potentially loud intensity sound exposure to real listeners when an OTC hearing aid volume control is turned to a high output level or when feedback occurs.
Both 2-cc coupler and simulated real-ear measurements were performed. Figure 2 shows the full range of measures conducted. Leveling of the test equipment with the equivalent substitution method was carried out before all measurements [ 22 ]. The dome portion of the hearing aid was attached to an HA-1 2-cc coupler for measuring the electroacoustic performance of hearing aid.
The battery life for each hearing aid was estimated based on the battery current drain and the capacity of battery used [ 1 ]. In addition, the output sound pressure level and the gain at different volume settings were measured.
The volume settings that the OTC hearing aids could achieve before audible or visible feedback occurred were measured. The hypothetical hearing losses that could be appropriately prescribed with the OTC hearing aids were estimated. These estimates were based on the 2-cc coupler gain at the full-on position for each device and were derived using four prescription formulae [ 2 ].
The reserve gains recommended by the four selected fitting formulae were allowed for [ 19 ]. The average hearing thresholds of elderly people were estimated based on the study by Stenklev and Laukli [ 23 ], who surveyed the hearing levels of elderly people aged 60 or above in Norway. The ratio of male to female participants was 1. The estimated hearing thresholds are showed in Table 2. These data were chosen because 1 the sample size was reasonably large, having included subjects; 2 the data were relatively up-to-date when compared with the data used in previous work [ 2 ]; and 3 the data were collected in a sound-attenuating room meeting international standards.
Target 2-cc coupler full-on gains were generated by the NAL-R prescription formula based on the estimated average hearing thresholds of an elderly person shown in Table 2. The calculated target 2-cc coupler full-on gains were compared with the measured 2-cc coupler full-on gains for the OTC hearing aids to determine whether the amplification characteristics of the OTC hearing aids could appropriately fit people with presbycusis [ 1 ].
If the OTC hearing aid matched the prescriptive target for four frequencies or more, that hearing aid was judged to satisfactorily meet the amplification needs of elderly people with a typical hearing loss associated with presbycusis [ 1 ]. The shape of the frequency response curve for OTC B differed from that usually found in hearing aids. All of the OTC hearing aids investigated were linear hearing aids and most of them showed peak clipping at high input levels. Volume control characteristics are shown in Table 4.
The volume range between different volume settings was measured and the percentage of total gain at different volume settings was calculated. In the feedback measurement, none of the OTC hearing aids exhibited feedback problems even at a full-on volume position. Therefore, comparison can be made between the two studies. The results are presented in Table 5 and reveal no significant difference in these parameters between the present study and the previous Hong Kong OTC hearing aid study.
The hypothetical hearing losses estimated by the four prescription formulae when using the 2-cc coupler full-on gain data were plotted for each OTC hearing aid and are shown in Figure 7. Figure 6 , showing the mean Stenklev and Laukli audiogram for presbycusis [ 23 ], is displayed for comparison purposes.
Table 6 summarizes findings for the stricter prescription matching criterion and Table 7 for the looser criterion. OTC A tone L , F, and G were the only hearing aids that could meet the amplification needs of elderly people with presbycusis if the stricter criterion was used.
If the looser criterion for matching targets was used, OTC B also matched the amplification needs for presbycusis. Excessive amplification in the low frequencies will increase the adverse effects of background noise and additionally increase the possibility of upward spread of masking by low-frequency speech components [ 21 ].
Hence, speech intelligibility will be reduced with this pattern of amplification. In the present study, all the BTE and ITE hearing aids examined could not provide adequate high frequency amplification.
According to Dillon and Macrae [ 26 ] and van Buuren et al. Although OTC B did not show narrow peaks in the frequency response, its frequency response was quite irregular with several broad peaks. The smoothness of a hearing aid frequency response has been found to have a positive relationship with speech intelligibility and sound quality [ 27 — 29 ].

PSAPs vs Hearing Aids: An Electroacoustic Analysis of Performance and Fitting Capabilities
Walgreens have partnered with Connect Hearing to sell hearing aids in a small number of Walgreens stores as a trial to see if dispensing from big-brand pharmacies is a viable business model. Connect Hearing is owned by Sonova, the Swiss hearing aid manufacturer, which owns the Phonak and Unitron hearing aid brands. He also said that no decision had been made as to whether a wider rollout would take place. Having a hearing care centre in high-street stores is common here in the UK — the Boots pharmacy chain have a large number of shops with a hearing aid dispenser section, which are run by Sonova. It is interesting that they are trying again and it is possibly a nod towards the future of hearing aid purchasing. Looking for clear, no-nonsense advice on hearing aids, their technology levels, features, pros and cons?
Over-the-Counter Hearing Aids: A Lost Decade for Change
Review and Prices - Health. It may be because. Thus, turntables with Bluetooth connectivity could be considered record. Somehow, Bose has crammed a battery, amplifier and Bluetooth chip into these tiny ear buds. What's more, they're rugged,. By the time it gets to your. Bose Music app is harder than it should be. With a rechargeable battery that lasts up to 10 hours between.
Denmark targets iPhone generation to keep edge in hearing aids

Hearing aids cost thousands of dollars, which is in part why less than a third of Americans who would benefit from a hearing aid actually wear one, according to a study. For those with mild to moderate hearing loss, studies have shown that personal sound amplification products PSAPs can be nearly as effective at around a fifth of the price. As with hearing aids, no PSAP will work well for everyone, and shopping for one requires some trial and error. It also offers a Bluetooth connection, for taking calls and streaming music, and longer battery life than other, similar devices. The app also offers a quick hearing test to help you figure out which settings work best for you.
Hearing Aids or Hearing Amplifiers: Which One Is Right for You?
Skip to Main Content. A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions. Comparison of two binaural beamforming approaches for hearing aids Abstract: Beamforming algorithms in binaural hearing aids are crucial to improve speech understanding in background noise for hearing impaired persons. In this study, we compare and evaluate the performance of two recently proposed minimum variance MV beamforming approaches for binaural hearing aids. The binaural linearly constrained MV BLCMV beamformer applies linear constraints to maintain the target source and mitigate the interfering sources, taking into account the reverberant nature of sound propagation.
Hearing Aids at Target
Jun 14, Patient Fittings. This study evaluating 11 low-end and high-end hearing aids and PSAPs showed that all high-end hearing aids were able to fit most audiometric configurations, and two high-end PSAPs and one app were able to fit up to a moderate loss configuration. Most low-end hearing aids and PSAPs had inappropriately high amounts of low-frequency gain. High-end PSAPs provided appropriate levels of amplification and directional benefit for users but only for mild to moderate losses. Some low-end PSAPs and hearing aids were found to be inappropriate for any configuration and severity of high-frequency hearing losses. Current estimates place the number of Americans age 50 or older with a measureable hearing loss at Recent research regarding the low rate of hearing aid adoption has examined the issues of affordability, 7,8 device performance, 8 and patient outcomes.
Learn More. Protect your hearing from damaging gun blasts and loud calls; hear conversations and target game clearly. No other product on the market offers this technology. Hear and locate gobbles, bugles and movement; suppress the gunshot.
The Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology publishes original contributions in otolaryngology and the associated areas cranio-maxillo-facial surgery, head and neck surgery, and phoniatrics. The aim of this journal is the national and international divulgation of the scientific production interesting to the otolaryngology, as well as the discussion, in editorials, of subjects of scientific, academic and professional relevance. It is the official scientific publication of the Brazilian Association of Otolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery. Its abbreviated title is Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years.
It's not uncommon for rare diseases and genetic syndromes to cause hearing loss. Fortunately, hearing aids and other treatments often help. The mental impact of living with a chronic condition like tinnitus can take its toll. One of the most proven strategies for coping, experts say, is cognitive-behavioral therapy. Children with hearing loss who receive hearing aids or cochlear implants can thrive at school, research shows, and overcome the achievement gap. Do you have hearing loss and need to stay in the hospital? It can be a bewildering time for anyone, and communication barriers will only make it harder.
The chief complaint of someone with hearing loss is difficulty understanding speech in noisy environments and the primary complaint about hearing aid technology is their ability to help in those environments. We have come to realize how counterintuitive this reality is when one considers how amazingly good hearing aids are at identifying the spatial location of target speech even when that speech is presented in a background of several or many talkers and other environmental sounds. This precision is afforded in part by the exquisite environmental sound classification system built into the hearing aid itself [See Environmental Sound Classifier project]. We believe that one reason why listeners cannot take full advantage of the spatial hearing systems in the best hearing aids available is that the hearing aids do not know, from moment to moment, what talker the listener desires to listen to!
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